2.3 ANATOMY - Thorax

Question 1

3 parts of the sternum

Answer 1

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 2

The xiphoid process is cartilaginous at birth and becomes bony by age ____

Answer 2

40

Question 3

The bony thorax is made up of three parts

Answer 3

Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

The sternal angle of Louie corresponds to what vertebral level

Answer 4

T4

Question 5

The sternal angle is an important landmark because of the following characteristics (4)

Answer 5

1. Horizontal plane intersecting sternal angle and disk between T4 and T5 vertebrae
2. Trachea bifurcates into R and L primary bronchi
3. Arch of the aorta arises from the ascending aorta and continues as the descending aorta
4. Azygous vein drains into the SVC

Question 6

How many ribs are there?

Answer 6

24 (12 pairs)

Question 7

True ribs

Answer 7

1-7

Question 8

False ribs (true false and floating)

Answer 8

True false -8-10

Floating - 11-12

Question 9

Typical ribs

Answer 9

3-9

Question 10

Atypical ribs

Answer 10

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

Question 11

Parts of a typical rib

Answer 11

Head
Neck
Shaft
Tubercle

Question 12

The head of a typical rib has 2 facets articulating with

Answer 12

Numerically corresponding vertebral body and the one above

Question 13

The costal groove is located where?

Answer 13

Inferior border to protect the IC nerve

Question 14

Broadest and most curved rib

Answer 14

Rib 1

Question 15

Rib with tuberosity for serratus anterior

Answer 15

Rib 2

Question 16

Rib that articulates with T10 vertebra only

Answer 16

Rib 10

Question 17

Ribs with no neck or tubercle

Answer 17

Rib 11-12

Question 18

Rib with promonent scalene tubercle for attachment of scalenus anterior muscle

Answer 18

Rib 1

Question 19

Rarely fractured rib

Answer 19

Rib 1

Question 20

Most commonly fractured ribs

Answer 20

7-10

Question 21

Weakest point of a rib

Answer 21

Anterior to the angle of the rib

Question 22

The costal margins are formed by the medial ends of the _____ costal cartilages

Answer 22

7-10

Question 23

Where the thoracic cavity communicates with the root of the neck

Answer 23

Thoracic outlet

Question 24

Boundaries of the thoracic outlet

Answer 24

T1
Medial border of first rib
Manubrium sterni

Question 25

Rib fractures may cause which dreaded complication?

Answer 25

T12 Rib 11 and 12 Costal margin Xiphisternal joint

Question 26

Costal cartilage 1 articulates with the sternum at what type of joint

Answer 26

Primary cartilaginous

Question 27

Costal cartilage 2-7 articulates at the sternum by which type of joint?

Answer 27

Synovial joints

Question 28

Muscles that depress the ribs

Answer 28

Serratus post inf Int intercostal Transv thoracis

Question 29

The mediastinum is divided into superior and inferior divisions by an imaginary plane passing from

Answer 29

Sternal angle of louis anteriorly | Lower border of t4 posteriorly

Question 30

The inferior mediastinum is divided into

Answer 30

Anterior Middle Posterior

Question 31

Layers of the pericardium

Answer 31

Fibrous | Serous (parietal and visceral)

Question 32

Amount of pericardial fluid

Answer 32

30ml

Question 33

Layers entered by the needle must traverse in order to reach the accumulating blood in pericardiocentesis

Answer 33

``` Skin Fascia Rectus sheath Rectus abdominis Fibrous layer Serous layer of parietal pericardium ```

Question 34

Normal weight of the heart in males and females

Answer 34

280 - 340 gms males | 230 - 280 gms females

Question 35

3 surfaces of the heart

Answer 35

Sternocostal Diaphragmatic Pulmonary

Question 36

Heart chamber in sternocostal surface

Answer 36

Right ventricle

Question 37

Chamber in the Diaphragmatic surface

Answer 37

Both ventricles mainly LV

Question 38

Chamber of the heart in the pulmonary surface

Answer 38

Left ventricle