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(2) Cells > 2.3 Cell Division > Flashcards

2.3 Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

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2
Q

How do prokaryotes divide?

A

Binary Fission

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3
Q

What are the three phases of interphase?

A

G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase

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4
Q

What happens in interphase?

A

DNA replicated
Organelles duplicate
Cell growth
Transcription/Translation
Obtain nutrients
Respiration

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5
Q

What happens during G1?

A

At some point during G1 a signal is received indicating that the cell needs to divide again.
- cell grows
- proteins synthesised
- organelles replicate
- cell prepares for DNA replication

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6
Q

What happens during the S phase?

A

DNA synthesis and replication

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7
Q

What happens during G2?

A
  • cell continues to grow
  • newly synthesised DNA is checked
  • preparations for cell division are made (eg. production of tubulin protein, which is used to make microtubules for the mitotic spindle)
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8
Q

What happens in prophase?

A
  • chromosomes condense
  • centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
  • nucleolus disappears and nuclear envelope breaks down
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9
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A
  • spindle fibres form from the centrioles
  • chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell
  • the spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes by their centromeres
    Metapahse= Meet
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10
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A
  • spindle fibres contract
  • sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
    Anaphase= Away
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11
Q

What happens in telophase?

A
  • nuclear envelope reforms
  • spindle fibres disintegrate
  • chromosomes decondense
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12
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A
  • cytoplasm divides to form two identical daughter cells
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13
Q

What can cause the formation of tumours and cancer?

A

uncontrolled cell division

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14
Q

Describe binary fission in bacteria.

A
  • circular DNA and plasmids replicate
  • division of cytoplasm to form two daughter cells (each
    with a single copy of the circular DNA and a variable number of copies of plasmids)
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15
Q

Do viruses undergo cell division? Why?

A

No - they are non-living

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16
Q

Viruses can only replicate inside a …

A

host cell

17
Q

How do viruses replicate?

A

Viruses replicate by injecting their nucleic acid into a host cell.

18
Q

Describe the process of viral particle replication.

A
  1. The virus uses attachment proteins on its surface to bind to complementary receptor proteins on the surface of a host cell
  2. The virus then injects its DNA or RNA into the host cell
  3. The host cell then uses its nucleic acid ribosomes to produce new viral particles
  4. Eventually, the new viral particles are released when the host cell bursts open or via budding (where they will leave individually through the host cell membrane).
19
Q

How are gametes formed?

A

Meiosis

(2) Cells (5 decks)

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