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Cells As The Basis Of Life > 2.3 - Energy > Flashcards

2.3 - Energy Flashcards

1
Q

How do autotrophs produce their own food?

A

From substances available in their environment using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis).

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2
Q

How do heterotrophs produce their own food?

A

They cannot produce food, therefore, they rely on other organisms (plants and animals) for nutrition.

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3
Q

Examples of autotrophs:

A

Plants, algae, some bacteria

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4
Q

Examples of heterotrophs:

A

Herbivores, omnivores, carnivores

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5
Q

What substances do autotrophs take in?

A

Water (Photosynthesis)
Carbon Dioxide (Photosynthesis)
Glucose (Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration)
Oxygen (Aerobic Respiration)

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6
Q

What substances do autotrophs release?

A 
Glucose (Photosynthesis)
Oxygen (Photosynthesis)
Water (Aerobic Respiration)
Carbon Dioxide (Aerobic / Anaerobic Respiration)
Ethanol (Anaerobic Respiration)
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7
Q

What substances do heterotrophs take in?

A

Glucose (Aerobic / Anaerobic Respiration)

Oxygen (Aerobic Respiration)

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8
Q

What substances do heterotrophs release?

A 
Water (Aerobic Respiration)
Carbon Dioxide (Aerobic Respiration)
Lactic Acid (Anaerobic Respiration)
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9
Q

What does energy provide?

A

The ability to do work.

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10
Q

What can energy do?

A

Transform from one form of energy to another.

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11
Q

Why do all cells need energy?

A
  1. Synthesis (making chemicals including proteins and DNA)
  2. Movement
  3. Maintaining the intracellular environment by active transport
  4. Cell Division
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12
Q

What molecule is used to store energy for use in cells?

A

In the third phosphate bond of ATP (Adenosine Tri - Phosphate).

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13
Q

How does ATP provide energy for the cell?

A

ATP is continually being SYNTHESISED and BROKEN DOWN in the body, providing the cell and entire organism with energy.

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14
Q

What reactions is ATP synthesised in?

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration
Fermentation

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15
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A chemical reaction which converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

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16
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

Only in autotrophs and takes place in chloroplasts.

17
Q

Balanced Equation of Photosynthesis:

A

6 CO2 + 6 H2O = (light + chlorophyll) = C6H12O6 + 6 O2

18
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

A chemical reaction where which converts chemical energy (glucose) into a simple form of energy (ATP) which the body then can use for many metabolic processes.

19
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

In both autotrophs and heterotrophs.

20
Q

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

A
  1. Aerobic Respiration

2. Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)

21
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Form of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down in the PRESENCE OF OXYGEN to produce 36 ATP molecules with the by-products of carbon dioxide and water.

22
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

In the mitochondria.

23
Q

How many molecules of ATP are produced from AEROBIC RESPIRATION?

A

36 ATP molecules

24
Q

What is Fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration?

A

Form of cellular respiration, where glucose is partially broken down to produce 2 ATP molecules WITHOUT PRESENCE OF OXYGEN.

25
Q

Where does fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration occur?

A

In prokaryotes (no mitochondria present), but can also occur in eukaryotes only when there is not a sufficient amount of oxygen available for aerobic respiration.

26
Q

What are the two types of Fermentation / Anaerobic Respiration?

A
  1. Alcoholic Fermentation

2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

27
Q

What is alcoholic fermentation?

A

A form of fermentation / anaerobic respiration where it occurs in yeast and plants, producing carbon dioxide and 2 ATP with ethanol as a by-product.

28
Q

What is lactic acid fermentation?

A

A form of fermentation / anaerobic respiration where it occurs in animals, producing 2 ATP with lactic acid as a by-product.

Cells As The Basis Of Life (8 decks)

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