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Therapeutic Interventions I > 2.3 Stretching > Flashcards

2.3 Stretching Flashcards

1
Q

What is the decreased mobility or restricted motion at a single joint or series of joints

A

Hypomobility

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2
Q

What is the overall function of a pt may be improved by applying stretching techniques to some muscles & joints while allowing motion limitations to develop in other muscles or joints

A

Selective Stretching

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3
Q

What is the lengthening of muscle and other joints soft tissues well beyond their normal length by exceeding the normal ROM of a joint

A

Overstretching & Hypermobility

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4
Q

What muucslotendionous unit has adaptively shortened with a loss of ROM but no specific muscle pathology is present

A

Myostatic contracture

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5
Q

What is it called when the result of hypertonicity associated with a central nervous system lesion, such as a cerebrovascular accident, a spinal cord injury, or traumatic brain injury

A

Psedumyostatic contracture

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6
Q

What is it called when the contracture is a result of intra-articular pathology that limits arthrokinematics motion with changes that may include adhesions, synovial proliferation, joint effusion, irregularities in articular cartilage, or osteophyte formation

A

Arthrogenic & periarticular contracture

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7
Q

What is the name of the contracture that has fibrous changes in the connective tissue of muscle & periarticular structures that limit tissue elasticity, create adhesions between joint tissues, & result in fibrotic contracture

A

Fibrotic & irreversible contracture

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8
Q

Why should an individual stretch?

A
  • adhesions, contractures, scar tissue, limiting ROM
  • weakness secondary to shortened muscle length
  • part of total fitness program
  • post-exercise
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9
Q

What are these goals for?
- increased flexibility & ROM
- general fitness
- injury prevention
- enhanced performance

A

Stretching

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10
Q

What do these factors affect?

  • joint structure
  • age & gender
  • muscle & connective tissue
  • stretch tolerance
A

Flexibility

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11
Q

What is this intervention?

Elongating shortened muscle-tendon units and/or periarticular connective tissues when a restricted joint is rotated just beyond its available ROM

A

Stretching (manual, mechanical, assisted)

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12
Q

What is this intervention?

Carried out independently by the patient at the end of available ROM for the purpose of elongating hypomobile soft tissues

A

Self-stretching

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13
Q

What is this intervention?

The use of inhibition or facilitation techniques known as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) to assist with muscle elongation

A

Neuromuscular Facilitation & Inhibition

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14
Q

What is this intervention?

Manipulative procedures that employ voluntary muscle contractions by the patient in a precisely controlled direction and intensity against a counterforce applied by the practitioner to lengthen muscle & fascia and to mobilize joints

A

Muscle Energy

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15
Q

What is this intervention?

Skilled manual therapy interventions specifically applied to joint structures by the clinician with the intent of modulating pain and treating joint impairments that limit ROM

A

Joint Mobilization/Manipulation

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16
Q

What is this intervention?

To improve the extensibility of any soft tissues that limits mobility (friction massage, myofascial release, acupressure, trigger point therapy, & Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization)

A

Soft Tissue Mobilization/Manipulation

17
Q

What is this intervention?

Used to improve or restore nerve tissue mobility that may have become restricted by tissue adhesions or scar tissue following trauma or surgical procedures

A

Neural Tissue Mobilization

18
Q

What type of stretch is this?

Soft tissues are elongated just beyond the point of tissue resistance & then held in the lengthened position with a sustained stretch force over a period of time

A

Static stretching

19
Q

What type of stretch is this?

A high velocity and high intensity stretch characterized by fast joint movement that quickly elongated the targeted soft tissues

A

Ballistic Stretching

20
Q

What type of stretch is this?

A low velocity, low intensity stretch often used before athletic activities or for general fitness or rehabilitation programs

A

Dynamic stretching

21
Q

What type of stretch is this?

  • involves active muscle contractions
  • traditional explanation - reciprocal inhibition
  • modern explanation - sensorimotor processing and visco-elastic adaptation of the muscle tendon unit
A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Feedback (PNF) Stretching

22
Q

What is this non-contractile tissue called?

Fibers responsible for the strength and stiffness of tissue & resist tensile deformation with multiple levels of fiber composition arranged in an organized relationship

A

Collagen

23
Q

What is this non-contractile tissue called?

Fibers that elongate with small loads and fail abruptly without deformation at higher loads, providing extensibility and flexibility to tissue

A

Elastin

24
Q

What is this non-contractile tissue called?

Fibers that provide tissue with bulk

A

Reticulin

25
Q

What is this non-contractile tissue called?

An organic gel containing water and consists of proteoglycan and glycoproteins which function to hydrate the matrix, stabilize the collagen networks, & resist compressive forces in connective tissues

A

Ground Substance

26
Q

What is this?

  • major sensory organ and is sensitive to quick and sustained stretch
  • detects and conveys information about changes in muscle length and velocity changes
  • small, encapsulated receptors composed of afferent sensory fiber endings, efferent motor fiber endings, and specialized muscle fibers called intrafusal fibers
A

Muscle Spindle

27
Q

What is this?

  • quick sustained stretch force applied to a muslce-tendon unit, the primary and secondary afferent of intrafusal muscle fibers sense these length changes
  • afferent signals synapse with alpa motor neurons in the spinal cord to activate extrafusal muscle fibers
  • results in an increase or facilitation of active tension in the muscle being stretched; this increased tension resists lengthening and is though to compromise the effectiveness of the stretching procedure
A

Stretch Reflex

28
Q

What is this?

  • sensory organ located near the musculotendinous juntions of extrafusal muscle fibers that monitors changes in tension of muscle-tendon units
  • nerve endings are woven among collagen strands of a tendon and detect changes of tension on a muscle-tendon unit
  • activated signals will inhibit alpha motorneuron activity and decrease tension in muscle-tendon unit
A

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

29
Q

What is this?

  • inhibition of the contractile components of muscle by the GTO is thought to contribute to reflexive muscle reflective muscle relaxation during an applied stretch
  • low-intensity, slow stretch force is applied to muscle, the stretch reflex is less likely to be activated as the GTO fires and inhibits tension in the muscle
A

Autogenic Inhibition

30
Q

What is the non-contractile tissue?

Constant load applied over time results in increased tissue length until equilibrium is reached

A

Creep

31
Q

What is this non-contratcile tissue?

Load applied with the tissue kept at a constant length that results in decreased internal tension (stress) in the tissue until equilibrium is reached

A

Stress-relaxation

32
Q

What is this non-contractile tissue?

Repetitive loading of tissue within a short duration of time increases heat production and may cause failure at strain levels lower than what is needed for a single load

A

Cyclic Loading

33
Q

What is this non-contractile tissue?

Greater the repetitive loads, the fewer number of cycles needed to reach failure

A

Connective Tissue Fatigue

Therapeutic Interventions I (15 decks)

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