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PathoPharm > 2.3 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

2.3 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

examples of common cold viruses

A
  • rhinovirus (most common)
  • coronaviruses
  • adenoviruses
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2
Q

Common examples of respiratory viruses besides common cold

A
  • Influenza A
  • Influenza B
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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3
Q

S/S of respiratory viral infections

A
  • nonproductive cough
  • fever
  • inflammation of nasopharynx mucosa aka rhinitis or coryza
  • inflammation of mucosa of the respiratory tract
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4
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

sore throat

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5
Q

What is is rhinorrhea?

A

excessive production of nasal secretions

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6
Q

What are the treatments for common cold?

A
  • Symptom relief
  • Increase fluids
  • Cool humidifier
  • Antibiotics will not work
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7
Q

Viral shedding of common cold occurs when?

A

1-2 days prior to symptoms

SUPER CONTAGIOUS!

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8
Q

How is the common cold spread?

A

Droplet

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9
Q

Inflammation of nasal sinuses

A

rhinosinusitis

sinuses are obstructed and cannot drain properly

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10
Q

Most common causes of rhinosinusitis

A

viral URI or allergic rhinitis

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11
Q

How is influenza spread?

A

aerosol (inhalation) or direct contact

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12
Q

Like a common cold with profound malaise, chills, profuse rhinorrhea

A

URI rhinotracheitis

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13
Q

Virus invades and damages bronchial and alveolar cells

A

Viral pneumonia

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14
Q

What is the incubation period for influenza?

A

1-4 days

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15
Q

When does viral shedding occur with influenza?

A

Day before symptoms and can continue for 3 weeks

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16
Q

Why can influenza be dangerous if it spreads in the body?

A

If spread to lower airways, can be very damaging, resulting in hypoxia, permanent damage, and even death

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17
Q

Influenza can lead to ____ which is a virus that invades and damages bronchial and alveolar cells

A

Viral pneumonia

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18
Q

Influenza can weaken the body’s immune system drastically and lead to what?

A

Viral pneumonia or bacterial superinfection

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19
Q

Croup is caused by what?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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20
Q

Epiglottitis is caused by what?

A

Haemophilus influenza type B

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21
Q

List some treatments of croup

A

Can be treated at home with moist cool air

In hospitals, children can be given supplemental oxygen.

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22
Q

List some treatments of Epiglottitis

A

Emergency intubation or tracheotomy

Antibiotic because can be a bacterial origin

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23
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Action

Study These Flashcards
A

Prevent shedding of viral protein coat

24
Q

Anti-viral agent: Influenza A

Rimantadine

Describe Pharmacokinetics

Study These Flashcards
A

Administered orally, excreted unchanged in the urine

25
Anti-viral agent: Influenza A Rimantadine Describe Contraindications
Allergy, pregnancy, lactating
26
Anti-viral agent: Influenza A Rimantadine Describe Adverse reactions
Dizziness, insomnia, nausea, orthostatic hypotension
27
Anti-viral agent: Influenza A Rimantadine Describe Drug to drug interactions
anticholinergic agent | aspirin and acetaminophen
28
Anti-viral agent: Influenza A Rimantadine Describe Nursing considerations
Do not administers within 48 hours before or within 2 weeks after vaccination Interferes with vaccine efficacy
29
Classification Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV Palivizumab Describe Action
neutralizes and inhibits fusion of RSV virus, subsequently inhibits viral replication
30
Classification: Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV Palivizumab Describe contraindications
Hypersensitivity
31
Classification: Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV Palivizumab Describe Adverse effects
Anaphylaxis
32
Classification: Monoclonal antibody antiviral against RSV Palivizumab Describe nursing considerations
3 doses to babies born at 32-34 weeks without congenital heart or lung diseases maximum 5 doses for all other babies
33
Classification: Antitussives Dextromethorphan Describe the Action
Suppresses the cough reflex by direct effect on the cough center in the medulla
34
Classification: Antitussives Dextromethorphan Describe the Contraindications
Hypersensitivity Productive chronic cough Post-op patients
35
Classification: Antitussives Dextromethorphan Describe the Adverse Effects
Dizziness, sedation Dry mouth
36
Classification: Antitussives Dextromethorphan Describe the Nursing considerations
Increase fluid intake Avoid driving Do NOT use for more than 1 week
37
Classification: Nasal decongestants Tetrahydrozoline Describe the Action
Sympathomimetic effects, partly due to release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals Vasoconstriction leads to decreased edema and inflammation of nasal membranes
38
Classification: Nasal decongestants Tetrahydrozoline Describe the Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
39
Classification: Nasal decongestants Tetrahydrozoline Describe the Indications
Symptomatic relief of nasal and nasopharyngeal mucosal congestion due to common cold, hay fever, or other respiratory allergies
40
Classification: Nasal decongestants Tetrahydrozoline Describe the Adverse Effects
Rebound congestion
41
Classification: Oral decongestants Pseudoephedrine Describe the Action
Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors Produces vasoconstriction in respiratory mucosa and bronchodilation
42
Classification: Oral decongestants Pseudoephedrine Describe the Contraindications
Hypersensitivity HTN* Cardiac disease
43
Classification: Oral decongestants Pseudoephedrine Describe the Adverse Effects
Anxiety Anorexia Palpitations
44
Classification: Oral decongestants Pseudoephedrine Describe the Nursing Considerations
Monitor BP and for s/s of adrenergic stimulation
45
Classification: Expectorants Guaifenesin Describe the Action
Reduces viscosity of tenacious secretions by increasing respiratory tract fluid Thins out mucous
46
Classification: Expectorants Guaifenesin Describe the Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
47
Classification: Expectorants Guaifenesin Describe the Adverse Effects
Dizziness
48
Classification: Expectorants Guaifenesin Describe the Nursing Considerations
Increase fluid intake avoid driving until effects known Should not be used for more than 1 week
49
Classification: Antihistamine Diphenhydramine Describe the Action
Antagonizes the effects of histamine at H1 - receptors sites Does not bind to or inactivate histamine Has atropine like antipruiric and sedative effects
50
Classification: Antihistamine Diphenhydramine Describe the Contraindications
Hypersensitivity | Lactation
51
Classification: Antihistamine Diphenhydramine Describe the Adverse Effects
Drowsiness Sedation Anorexia Dry mouth
52
Classification: Antihistamine Diphenhydramine Describe the Nursing Considerations
Caution about sedation and drowsiness Lozenges or hard candy to relieve dry mouth Avoid other CNS depressants
53
Classification: Antihistamine Cetirizine Describe the Action
Antagonizes the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites Decrease symptoms of histamine excess (sneezing, rhinorrhea, tearing, pruritus, and redness)
54
Classification: Antihistamine Cetirizine Describe the Contraindications
Hypersensitivity | Lactation
55
Classification: Antihistamine Cetirizine Describe the Adverse effects
Higher dosages can cause drowsiness and fatigue
56
Classification: Antihistamine Cetirizine Describe the Nursing Considerations
Drowsiness and sedation with higher dosages

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