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pharm 2 - final review > practice questions- werners- anti-cancer > Flashcards

practice questions- werners- anti-cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four characteristics of cancer cells?

A
  • Dedifferentiation and loss of function
  • Angiogenesis
  • Invasiveness
  • Metastasis
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2
Q

Match the cytotoxic drug with it’s action
Drugs: Alkylating Drugs, Antimetabolites, Cytotoxic antibiotics, Plant derivatives

  • -> Form covalent bonds with DNA hence impedes replication
  • -> Substances of microbial origin that block mammalian cell division
  • -> Specifically affect microtubule function and hence formation of mitotic spindle
  • -> Block or subvert one or more metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis
A

Alkylating –> Form covalent bonds with DNA hence impedes replication

Cytotoxic Antibiotics–> Substances of microbial origin that block mammalian cell division

Plant Derivatives –> Specifically affect microtubule function and hence formation of mitotic spindle

Antimetabolites –> Block or subvert one or more metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis

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3
Q

What are the genetic / epigenetic changes taking place with tumourgenesis?

A
  • -> Inactivation of Tumor Suppressor gene

- -> Activation of Oncogenes (mutation of normal gene / proto-oncogene)

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4
Q

What causes uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells?

A
  • -> Growth factors and/or their receptors
  • -> Intracellular signaling pathways
  • -> Telomerase suppression
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5
Q

What are the 4 complications of Chemotherapy?

A
  1. Extravasation of the drug very imp
  2. Anaphylactic reactions
  3. Toxic Side Effects
  4. Acute tumor lysis syndrome
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6
Q

**Acute Type 1 Hypersensitivity with

A

Doxorubin or L-asparaginase**

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7
Q

Your Feline patient is having an Anaphylactic reaction to chemotherapy… Where in the body does it present itself in the cat?
What about the dog?

A

Cat –> Respiratory

Dog –> Cutaneous and GIT

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8
Q

What type of Bone Marrow Toxicity is seen most often when undergoing chemotherapy, Anemia or Leukopenia?

A

–> Leukopenia most often
–> Anemia most seldom
(b/c the half life of Leukocytes is several hours vs. erythrocytes which is ~120days)

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9
Q

Acute tumor lysis syndrome is especially seen with what cancer?

A

Malignant Lymphoma

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10
Q

What sort of clinical signs would you see with acute tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Vomit, Diarrhea, Mental Depression, and Hyperventilation (can potentially die

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11
Q

What will the levels be for the following laboratory values (high or low)

  • -> Uric Acid
  • -> Phosphate
  • -> Calcium
  • -> Potassium
A
  • -> High Uric Acid, Phosphate, and Potassium
  • -> Low Calcium
  • Also Metabolic Acidosis*
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12
Q

What is BCG used to treat?

A

Bacille Calmatter Guerin - BCG - is used to treat….

–> SCC and Sarcoids

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13
Q

What are the side effects of BCG?

A

Anaphylaxis –> Local and Systemic

pre treat with glucocorticoids

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14
Q

Which anticancer drug is a folate antagonist?

  • -> BCG
  • -> Cisplatin
  • -> Methotrexate
  • -> Cyclophosphamide
A

Methotrexate

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15
Q

Which of the following does 5-fluorouracil inhibit?

  • -> DNA
  • -> RNA
  • -> Protein Synthesis
A

DNA

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16
Q

When using combination of several anticancer agents, given in what time interval, will allow bone marrow to regenerate?

  • -> 1-2wk
  • -> 2-3wk
  • -> 3-4wk
  • -> 5-6wk
A

2-3wk

17
Q

Alkylating agents mode of action is the formation of what ion?

A

Carbonium ion

18
Q

Your patient shows resistance to Cyclophasphamide, what other alkylating agent should you try?

A

Alkylating Agents have “STRONG CROSS RESISTANCE” if the patient is resistance to 1, they will most likely be resistant to the other alkylating agents

19
Q

When is Cyclophosphamide active?

A

After metabolized by the LIVER by CYP450* mixed function oxidases

20
Q

Which alkylating agent is the Slowest working agent, with lowest change of toxicity?

  • -> Cyclophosphamide
  • -> Melphalan
  • -> Chlorambucil
  • -> Lomustine
  • -> Decarbazine
A

Chlorambucil

21
Q

Which alkylating agent is used for Multiple Myelomas?

A

Melphalan

22
Q

Which alkylating agent is used in refractory lymphoma combines with doxorubicin?

A

Decarbazine

non classical alkylating agent

23
Q

Which alkylating agent causes hepatotoxicity in dogs?

A

Lomustine
* Used in relapse canine lymphoma, brain tumors, epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma, mast cell tumors*

Hepatotoxicity is in the Liver –> L for liver –> L for Lomustine

24
Q

Which of the following plant derivatives will kill a hose almost instantly if eaten?

A

Taxus spp.

pharm 2 - final review (6 decks)

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