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Older Adults > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

expression of declining functional capacity of most basic structures in cells, which in turn affects functioning of organisms

A

biological aging

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1
Q

measured by age graded behaviors, carrying expected status and role within a particular culture or society

A

social age

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2
Q

a complex genetically regulated interactive process of change in every living organism

A

biological aging “senescence”

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3
Q

changes to cell that decrease ability to replicate attributed to aging

A

cellular functioning

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4
Q

major biological questions

A
  1. what triggers process of aging?

2. can it be stopped or modulated?

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5
Q

suggest that aging is the result of predictable cellular death
-biological clock

A

programmed theories of aging

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6
Q

predetermined lifespan

A

biological clock

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7
Q

explains aging as a programmed decline in the functioning of the immune nervous, and endocrine systems

A

Neuroendocrine control or pacemaker theory

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8
Q

cells lose their ability to reproduce

A

replicative senescence

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9
Q

aging is a programmed accumulation of damage and decline in the function of the immune system
-damage is a result of oxidative stress

A

immunity theory

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10
Q

aging is the result of an accumulation of random errors in the synthesis of cellular dna and rna

A

error theories

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11
Q

cellular errors a result of wearing out over time from continued use

  • a progressive decline in cellular function or increased cellular death
  • internal and external pollutants
    1. pollutants
    2. metabolic by-product
A

wear and tear theory

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12
Q

aging is a product of accumulated damage from errors associated with cross-linked proteinss
-initiated by blood glucose linking with protein in process of glycosylation or glycation

A

cross-linkage theory

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13
Q
  • cellular errors are a result of random damage from free radicals
  • referred to as “oxidative stress” or “oxidative damage”
  • mitochondrial dna most affected by these changes
A

oxidative stress theory “free radical theory”

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14
Q

repeated sequences on chromosomes essential for cellular reproduuction

  • shorten with every cell cycle
  • hypothesized to be contributory to senescence of the cells
A

telomeres

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15
Q

science of how genes are influenced by environment, lifestyle, role, genes, gender, and other factors

A

epigenetics

16
Q

socially and culturally constructed expectations of behavior at times in ones life and in pre-established roles

A

age norms

17
Q

attempted to predict and explain how individuals adjusted to age-related changes by looking at ones level of activity and productivity

A

activity theory

18
Q

withdrawal of elders from their roles and activities earlier in life necessary to allow transfer of power to younger generations
-provided basis for age discrimination

A

disengagement theory

19
Q

suggests that individual tends to develop and maintain consistent pattern of behavior, substituting one role for similar one as one matures

A

continuity theory

20
Q

goes beyond individual o age structure of society

A

age stratification theory

21
Q

experiences shared by a group of persons from an existential, chronological, or most often, historical perspective

A

cohort effects

22
Q

attempts to explain social changes resulting from devaluing contributions of elders and the elders themselves

A

modernization theory

23
Q

personality is either extroverted and oriented toward external world or introverted and oriented to subjective inner world of individual

A

Jung’s theory of personality

24
Q

movement for extroversion to introversion

A

aging

25
Q

theorized predetermined order of development and specific tasks associated with specific periods in ones life course

A

Erikson

26
Q

review and coming to terms with the life one has lived thus far

A

integrity vs. despair

27
Q

expanded on original work of Erikson with identification of discrete tasks of late life that, when taken together achievement would result in ego integrity

  • ability to redefine self
  • ability to let go of occupational identity
  • to rise above bodily discomfort
A

Peck

28
Q

no longer defines life and self by work

A

ego differentiation vs. work role preoccupation

29
Q

body changes are accepted and no longer a source of identity and focus

A

body transcendence vs body preoccupation

30
Q

sees self as part of the greater whole rather than an individual

A

ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation

31
Q

combines bio-psycho-social needs of individual
-hierarchy ranks needs from most basic, related to maintenance of biological integrity to most complex, associated with self actualization

A

maslows hierarchy of human needs

32
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A
  1. biological and physiological integrity
  2. safety and security
  3. belonginng
  4. self esteem
  5. self actualization

Older Adults (4 decks)

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