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Anatomy & Physiology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

0
Q

Name four parts of the internal genitalia (female)

A

Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina

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1
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive system?

A

Production of gametes

Production of hormones

Nourishment and development of embryo

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2
Q

Name 3 parts of the external genitalia (female)

A

Mons publis
Labia
Clitoris

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3
Q

What is the mons pubis made of

A

Adipose tissue

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4
Q

Where does the embryo implant

A

Uterus

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5
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur

A

Fallopian tube (ampulla)

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6
Q

Is the ovary an endocrine or exocrine organ

A

Endocrine

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7
Q

Which ligament do the ovaries lie on

A

Broad ligament

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8
Q 
Put these is order from superficial to deep:
Cortex 
Medulla
Germinal epithelium 
Tunica albuginea
A

Germinal epithelium
Tunica albuginea
Cortex
Medulla

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9
Q

Which arteries supply the ovaries

A

Ovarian arteries

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10
Q

How many stages are ther in oogenesis

A

3

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11
Q

In oogenesis mitosis occurs when

A

Foetal life

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12
Q

When does meiosis I finish in oogenesis

A

After puberty

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13
Q

When an oocyte is released this is the start of

A

Meiosis II

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14
Q

When is meiosis II completed

A

Fertilisation

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15
Q

Meiosis is important to decrease the number of chromosomes to

A

23

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16
Q

What do the fimbriae in the Fallopian tubes do

A

Sweep the oocyte in

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17
Q 
Put these in order:
Ampulla
Isthmus
Infudibulum
Intramural
A

Infudibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural

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18
Q

What lies in a narrow mesentery which forms the free edge of the broad ligament

A

Fallopian tube

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19
Q

The Fallopian tube is made of an outer layer of smooth muscle and inner ciliated columnar epithelial cells - what are these for

A

Muscle - peristalsis contractions to move oocyte along

Cilia to propel

Columnar to secrete to help spermatazoa movement

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20
Q

Where is tubal fluid found

A

Fallopian tubes

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21
Q

What produces currents in the Fallopian tube

A

Fimbriae

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22
Q

Up to how many hours after ovulation can fertilisation occur

A

24hours

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23
Q

How many days does it take a zygote to pass through the Fallopian tubes

A

3-4 days

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24
Q

What is a zygote

A

Fertilised egg

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25
Q

The uterus size … with age

A

Decreases

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26
Q

What lies between the bladder and the rectum

A

Uterus

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27
Q

What does the utero-sacral ligament connect

A

Uterus to sacrum

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28
Q

Put the areas of the uterus in order
Body
Fundus
Cervix

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

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29
Q

What connects the vagina to the uterus

A

Cervix

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30
Q

What sits between the rectum and uterus

A

Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

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31
Q

The vesicouterine pouch sits between the

A

Uterus and bladder

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32
Q

Put the wall of the uterus in order
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Endometrium

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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33
Q

Which layer of the uterus wall changes dramatically over the menstrual cycle

A

Endometrium

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34
Q

Which layer of the uterus wall is a mucous membrane

A

Endometrium

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35
Q

The Myometrium is a wall of

A

Smooth muscle

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36
Q

What are the two zones of the endometrium

A

Functional and basal zones

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37
Q

Which zone is shed monthly the basal zone or functional zone

A

Functional zone

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38
Q

Which zone if the endometrium provides cellular reserve for regrowth

A

Basal layer

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39
Q

Which hormone thickens the endometrium in the uterus

A

Oestrogen

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40
Q

What are the 3 parts of the menstrual cycle

A

Menstrual
Proliferate
Secretory

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41
Q

The cervix projects into the

A

Vagina

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42
Q

The ectocervix is continuos with the

A

Vagina

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43
Q

Which part of the cervix is lined with simple columnar epithelium

A

Endocervix

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44
Q

Which part of the cervix in lined with stratified squamous epithelium

A

Ectocervix

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45
Q

What types of cells are dysplasia

A

Pre cancerous

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46
Q

What type of cells line the vagina

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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47
Q

How long is the vagina

A

8cm

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48
Q

What in the female reproductive system is a fibromuscular tube

A

Vagina

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49
Q

Where are rugae found in the female reproductive tract

A

Vagina

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50
Q

Why is the vagina an acidic environment

A

Decomposition of glycogen

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51
Q

The clitoris is homologous with the

A

Penis

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52
Q

The labia majora is homologous with the

A

Scrounge

53
Q

The perineal body lies between the

A

Vagina and anus

54
Q

The pelvic floor is the roof of the

A

Perineum

55
Q

Which muscle must relax to allow urination and defecation

A

Levator ani

56
Q

The ovarian arteries an branch from the … all other arteries in the reproductive system are branches of the …

A

Aorta

Internal iliac artery

57
Q

The pudendal arteries supply the

A

External genitalia

58
Q

What 3 types if tissue make up the mammary glands

A

Adipose
Glandular
Fibrous

59
Q

Which ducts give rise to lobes in the mammary glands

A

Lactiferous

60
Q

The myoepithelial do what in the mammary glands

A

Squirt milk

61
Q

Which tissue increases in the mammary glands during pregnancy in preparation for lactation

A

Glandular tissue

62
Q

Where is prolactin released from

A

Anterior pituitary

63
Q

Prolactin stimulates

A

Mammary gland to lactate

64
Q

Oxytocin is released from

A

Posterior pituitary

65
Q

What does oxytocin do in the mammary glands

A

Stimulates ejection (contraction of myoepithelial cells)

66
Q

What provides a pathway for metastasis of breast cancer

A

Axillary lymph nodes

67
Q

In the reproductive cycle what does the hypothalamus secrete

A

GnRH

68
Q

In the reproductive cycle what two hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

LH

FSH

69
Q

Where do the hormones LH and FSH act

A

Ovaries

70
Q

Which hormones are secreted from the ovaries

A

Progesterone

Oestrogen

Inhibin

71
Q

Which cells secrete follicular fluid

A

Granulosa

72
Q

How many follicles mature to become tertiary follicles

A

1

73
Q

What is a follicle

A

An ovum

74
Q

Which hormone is required for ovulation

A

LH

75
Q

Which hormone stimulates the growth and development of follicles

A

FSH

76
Q

FSH stimulates the secretion of… and … by the ovaries

A

Oestrogen

Inhibin

77
Q

What hormone causes the ovarian wall to contract

A

LH

78
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the formation of corpus luteum

A

LH

79
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum

A

Progesterone

80
Q

The disintegration of the corpus luteum marks the end of the

A

Ovarian cycle

81
Q

Which hormone is tested for in pregnancy tests

A

hCG human chorionic gonadotropin

82
Q

What hormone prepares for pregnancy

A

Progesterone

83
Q

Which hormone thickens cervical mucous

A

Progesterone

84
Q

Which hormone does the pill inhibit

A

GnRH

85
Q

What is the average age for menopause

A

52

86
Q

What causes the cessation of menstruation

A

Oestrogen

87
Q

What is sometimes given to people going through the menopause

A

HRT therapy

88
Q

What two things make the female reproductive tract a hostile environment

A

Acidic

Mucous

89
Q

What pH is vaginal fluid

A

4.3

90
Q

What pH does semen raise the vagina to

A

7.2

91
Q

What makes the cervical mucus more penetrable to sperm

A

Increase in water content

92
Q

Which hormone decreases water content in the cervix

A

Progesterone

93
Q

During fertilisation the egg completes

A

Meiosis II

94
Q

The zygote divides as it travels from the X to the X

A

Ampulla

Uterus

95
Q

A blastocyst is a

A

Collection of cells

96
Q

A trophoblast is the

A

Outer layer of cells of a blastocyst

97
Q

What does the trophoblast form

A

Placenta

98
Q

How many days after fertilisation does the embryo attach to the endometrium

A

8

99
Q

Which hormone regulates contractions in pregnancy

A

Oxytocin

100
Q

What levels increase substantially after ovulation

A

Progesterone

101
Q

Which mucous membrane changes during menstrual cycle in response to hormones

A

Endometrium

102
Q

Which nervous system innervates an erection

A

Parasympathetic

103
Q

What do parasympathetic nerve fibres release that cause the arterioles supplying the erectile tissue to relax, enabling large amounts of blood to enter

A

Nitric oxide

104
Q

Where were the testes developed

A

Near the kidneys

105
Q

When do the testes descend through the inguinal canals to the scrotum

A

End of 7months of feotal development

106
Q

Put these in order from superficial to deep
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea

A

Vaginalis

Albuginea

107
Q

Where are sperm produced

A

Seminiferous tubules

108
Q

What suspends the testes

A

Spermatic cord

109
Q

How long is the vas deferens

A

45 cm

110
Q

What does the vas deferens do

A

Stores and conveys spermatazoa

111
Q

What does the ampulla of the vas deferens join

A

Ejaculatory duct

112
Q

Put these in order
Membranous urethra
Prostatic urethra
Spongy urethra

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous
Spongy

113
Q

Where would you find the dartos muscle

A

Scrotum

114
Q

Where would you find the cremaster muscle

A

Testes

115
Q

Where is sperm matured and stored

A

Epididymis

116
Q

What so Sertoli cells do

A

In the seminiferous tubules, secrete nutrients for developing spermatazoa

117
Q

How long do sperm take to travel through the epididymis

A

20 days

118
Q

The prostate lies …. to the bladder

A

Inferior

119
Q

What does the prostate secrete that is used by sperm for ATP

A

Citric acid

120
Q

Where would you find seminal plasmin and what is it’s function

A

Secreted by prostate

Antibiotic helps reduce number of bacteria in semen

121
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take

A

65-75 days

122
Q

Spermatocytogenesis is what

A

First stage (mitosis) of spermatogenesis

123
Q

What does the hypothalamus release in male reproduction

A

GnRH

124
Q

Which two hormones are released from the anterior pituitary in male reproduction

A

LH

FSH

125
Q

Where does LH work in the male reproductive system

A

Leydig cells in the testes - secrete testosterone

126
Q

Which cells secrete testosterone

A

Leydig cells

127
Q

Where does FSH work in the male reproductive system

A

Sertoli cells in the Seminiferous tubules in the testes

128
Q

What do Sertoli cells secrete that forms negative feedback in male reproduction

A

Inhibin

129
Q

What does Inhibin do in male reproduction

A

Stops the secretion of FSH

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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