Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

0
Q

Bone is a

A

Dynamic living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton

A 
Structural support
Protection
Leverage
Stores calcium
Produces blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of tissue is bone

A

Specialised connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What consists of a matrix with cells suspended it it

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the matrix of bone made from

A

Organic and inorganic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is osteiod made up from

A

Collagen and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is osteoid found

A

Organic componant of the bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which part of the bone component is strong, flexible but easily compressed?

A

Organic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which part of the bone matrix is hard, inflexible but quite brittle

A

Inorganic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where would you find hydroxyapatite

A

Inorganic componant of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hydroxyapatite made of

A

Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cells produce new bone and secrete osteoid

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which cells are resposible for bone remodelling

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do osteoblasts develop from

A

Osteogenic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are osteogenic stem cells found

A

Periostem and endiostem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osteogenic cells develop into

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which bone cells are mature

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which bone cells are found in the lacunae

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which bone cells keep the matrix maintained

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bone is made of two types of tissue:

A

Compact bone

Cancellous (spongy) bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone

A

Osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What increases the strength of the bone tissue

A

Lots of osteons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the other name for the haversian system

A

Osteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The spaces between the trabeculae in cancellous bone contain

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which type of bone has trabeculae arranged haphazardly

A

Cancellous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is bone marrow found in cancellous bone

A

Between the trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is bone marrow found in long bones

A

Medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is found in the medullary cavity of long bones

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which tissue is red bone marrow made from

A

Myeloid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where would you find myeloid tissue

A

Red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does haemopoetic mean

A

Produces blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What tissue is yellow bone marrow made from

A

Fatty tissue that no longer produces blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What type of bone marrow would you fine in the bones of the trunk

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Femur, metatarsals, phalanges are all types of what bone

A

Long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Name 3 examples of long bones

A

Femur

Metatarsals

Phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Carpals and tarsals are examples of what bone

A

Short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Name two examples of short bones

A

Carpals

Tarsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The sternum, scapula, pelvic and cranial bones are all examples of what bone

A

Flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Name some examples of flat bones

A

Scapula

Sternum

Cranial

Pelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The vertebrae and some skull bones are examples if what bone

A

Irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Name an example of an irregular bone

A

Vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ossification or osteogenesis is

A

Bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the two methods of ossification

A

Intramembranous and endochondral

43
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur

A

Flat bones and clavicles

44
Q

Which type of ossification occurs in flat bones and clavicles

A

Intramembranous

45
Q

Which cells secrete osteoid

A

Mesenchymal cells

46
Q

What happens during intramembranous ossification

A

Mesenchymal cells secrete osteoid
Deposition of calcium salts lead to calcification
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts

Blood vessels grow in the area

This is just cancellous bone over time osteoclasts remodel and compact bone develops

47
Q

Endochondral ossification occurs where

A

Inside cartilage

48
Q

During bone growth where is new cartilage layer down

A

Epiphyseal side of the Epiphyseal plate

49
Q

Which cells invade the cartilage during bone growth to replace it with bone

A

Osteoblasts

50
Q

Fractures can be classed into two types

A

Compound (open)

Simple (closed)

51
Q

During bone healing what is the first stage

A

Haematoma formation (blood clot forms around the area)

52
Q

How long does bone healing take

A

Atleast 8 weeks

53
Q

What factors delay bone healing

A 
Deficient blood supply
Tissue fragments between bone
Poor alignment 
Continued mobility
Infection
54
Q

A joint (articulation) is an area where

A

2 bones meet

55
Q

Synarthrosis means

A

Little or no movement at a joint

56
Q

Amphiarthrosis means

A

A slightly moveable joint (ie. intervertebral discs)

57
Q

Diarthroses means

A

Freely moveable joint (hip)

58
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of joints

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

59
Q

What are the 3 structural classifications of joints

A

Cartilaginous

Fibrous

Synovial

60
Q

In a synovial joint what are the joints covered in

A

Articular cartilage

61
Q

Give an example of a ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder

Hip

62
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint

A

Elbow

63
Q

Give an example of a gliding joint

A

Sternoclavicular

Carpal bones

64
Q

Give an example of a pivot joint

A

Atlantoaxial

65
Q

Give an example of a ellipsoid joint

A

Radiocarpal

66
Q

Give an example of a saddle joint

A

Thumb

67
Q

Which joint only allows flexion and extension

A

Hinge (elbow)

68
Q

Which joint only allows rotation

A

Pivot

69
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton

A

Skull

Thorax

Vertebral column

70
Q

How many bones make up the axial skeleton

A

80

71
Q

How many bones are there in the skull

A

24

72
Q

Where is the mandible bone found

A

Jaw

73
Q

Where are the maxilla bones found

A

Cheek bones

74
Q

Name the bones of the vertebrae and how many are found there

A 
Cervical - 8 
Thorax - 12
Lumbar -5
Sacral -5 
Coccygeal - 4 (fused)
75
Q

How many pairs of true ribs are there

A

7

76
Q

How many pairs of false ribs are there

A

3

77
Q

How many pairs of floater ribs are there

A

2

78
Q

Name the 3 parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphisternum

79
Q

Where do the second ribs attach

A

Sternal angle

80
Q

What attaches to the sternal angle

A

The second ribs

81
Q

The xiphisternum is made of

A

Cartilage

82
Q

How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton

A

126

83
Q

The pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle and lower limb all make up the

A

Appendicular skeleton

84
Q

The pectoral girdle is made up of

A

Scapulae

Clavicles

85
Q

Which part of the scapula forms a ball and socket joint with the head of the humerus

A

Glenoid process

86
Q

What is the only articulation between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton

A

Clavicle

87
Q

What is the upper limb made up of

A

Arm

Forearm

Hand

88
Q

What bone makes up the arm

A

Humerus

89
Q

The trochlear of the humerus articulates with the…

A

Ulna

90
Q

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the…

A

Radius

91
Q

What are the bones of the forearm

A

Radius and ulna

92
Q

Which part of what bone makes the pointy bit at the elbow

A

The olecranon of the ulna

93
Q

The … is in line with the little finger

A

Ulna

94
Q

The … is inline with the thumb

A

Radius

95
Q

What transmits weight from the vertebral column onto the femur

A

Pelvic girdle

96
Q

What is the pelvic girdle composed of

A

Sacrum and 2 os coxae

97
Q

Each os coxa is formed from 3 fused bones:

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

98
Q

What is the lower limb composed of

A

Thigh

Leg

Food

99
Q

What is the bone if the thigh

A

Femur

100
Q

Proximally the head of the femur articulates with where to form the hip joint

A

Acetabulum

101
Q

The tibia lies … to the fibula

A

Medial

102
Q

Which bone of the the leg is not weight bearing

A

Fibula

103
Q

What is the patella

A

Knee cap

104
Q

What bone is the patella

A

Sesamoid bone

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions