2.3.2 Increased Demand For Food Recourses Causing Insecurity

Question 1

Food security

Answer 1

When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

Question 2

Average diet in HICs (2p)

Answer 2

• Over ¼ of food is made of dairy and poultry
• around ¼ comes from cereal

Question 3

Average diet in LICs

Answer 3

• over ½ made from cereals
• around ⅕ from foods like yams

Question 4

Calories consumption in the world (3p)

Answer 4

• there is enough food for everyone to consume 2,720 calories per day
• but there is an uneven food distribution throughout the world
• higher consumption in HICs

Question 5

Calories consumption in South Sudan (LIC)

Answer 5

> 1890

Question 6

Calorie consumption in the USA (HIC)

Answer 6

> 3481

Question 7

Reasons for increased food consumption (2p)

Answer 7

• Population growth
• Economic development

Question 8

Population growth (cause of increased food consumption)

Answer 8

As the world’s population increases, the need for food increases too

Question 9

Economic development (cause of increases in food consumption)(2p)

Answer 9

• As people in NEEs become richer, their diet changes as they can afford to eat a more nutritious diet
• increase in wealth also causes a demand for highly processed foods

Question 10

Causes of food defecit and surplus (6p)

Answer 10

Climate
Technology
Pests and diseases
Water stress
Conflict
Poverty

Question 11

Pests and diseases (Causes of food defecit and surplus) (3p)

Answer 11

• Cattle diseases, along with insects like locusts, can decimate grain crop, reducing yields
• Mice and rats damage crops after harvest of they aren’t stored correctly
• Diseases such as AIDS and malaria worsen food security as they reduce the available workforce

Question 12

Climate (Causes of food defecit and surplus) (3p)

Answer 12

• Drought can lead to desertification and salination (when soil becomes salty), which can reduce fertile farmland areas
• Floods often caused by tropical storms can cause loss of livestock and crops
• Climate change is altering weather patterns by making droughts longer, floods greater and hurricanes more frequent

Question 13

Poverty (Causes of food defecit and surplus) (3p)

Answer 13

• ‘Vicious cycle of poverty’
• They can’t afford nutritious food
• This makes them weak and unable to work or earn enough money
• Poor farmers can’t afford seed, tools, or fertiliser, which can limit the amount of crops produced

Question 14

Technology (Causes of food defecit and surplus) (2p)

Answer 14

• Technology is expensive
• Lack of technology can reduce yields and food supplies

Question 15

Water stress (Causes of food defecit and surplus) (3p)

Answer 15

• Water stress can occur where there are floods because water becomes polluted
• When water supply (rainfall) is unreliable
• HICs have the money and technology for water transfer schemes that LICs don’t

Question 16

Conflict (Causes of food defecit and surplus) (4p)

Answer 16

• It can disrupt farming and food production
• Food can become a weapon and food supplies can be seized by soldiers or destroyed
• Wells and water supplies can be deliberately polluted
• Fighting can cause displacement leedung to hunger as they struggle to find the means to feed themselves

Question 17

Impacts of food insecurity.(5p)

Answer 17

-Famine and undernutrition
-Conflict and social unrest
-Rising prices

Question 18

Famine and undernutrition (impact of food insecurity) (3p)

Answer 18

• causes death and undernutrition which weakens immunity and makes people more vulnerable to diseases
• may also lead to deficiency diseases
• can also hinder physical and cognitive development in children

Question 19

Example of famine and undernutrition (impacts of food insecurity)

Answer 19

• The UN estimated that around 1/9 of the population were suffering from chronic undernourishment from 2012-2014

Question 20

Conflict and social unrest (impacts of food insecurity)(2p)

Answer 20

• The need for water can lead to international dispute over ownership of water sources
• The increased competition for scarce food sources can lead to conflict

Question 21

Example of conflict and social unrest (impacts of food insecurity) (4p)

Answer 21

-The Nile river runs through several countries who all need water from the river
- Uganda government would like to damn the river, which will restrict the flow downstream
- Sudanese government would like to use more of the water for irrigation to help food grow
- Egyptian farmers want to use it to increase food growth

Question 22

Rising prices (impact of food insecurity) (3p)

Answer 22

• Food shortage can lead to an increase in prices
• Can often be caused by global events such as poor grain harvests
• This causes a reduction in supply and increase in cost

Question 23

Example of rising food prices (factor affecting the food supply)

Answer 23

-Between 2008 and 2011, 60 riots linked to rising food prices and food shortages were recorded around the world

Question 24

Example of pests and diseases (Causes of food defecit and surplus)

Answer 24

• Desert locusts harmed the livelihood of at least 3 million people in East Africa in 2020 and caused extensive damage

Question 25

Example of conflict (causes pf food defecit and surplus)

Answer 25

In 2023, 134.5 million people across 20 countries and territories were facing war that caused hunger