Great War (ch 27)

Question 0

Berlin Conference (1885)

Answer 0

Laid down the rules for the conquest of Africa:

(1) european countries holding a coast inland
(2) occupation must be with real troops
(3) must give notice of which countries were occupied
(4) started the scramble for Africa

Question 1

Balkan Wars

Answer 1

Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottomans in 1912. Serbia then fought Bulgaria in the second Balkan War in 1913 Austria intervened to stop the war

Question 2

Black Hand

Answer 2

Ultra Nationalist, Serbian Society. Secretly supported by members of the Serbian government

Question 3

Conscription

Answer 3

Forced retirement into the army to meet the needs of war. Charles I (1887-1922) was the last Austrian Emperor abdicated November 1918. The next day Austria was declared a Republic as was Hungary

Question 4

Entente Cordial

Answer 4

Britain gained control of Egypt. France gained control of Morocco. No written alliance only an agreement. Basically against Germany

Question 5

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer 5

Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. Was assassinated in Sarajevo started WWI

Question 6

Isolationism

Answer 6

Not becoming involved in global or regional events

Question 7

Joseph Joffre

Answer 7

French General led the French at the Battle of the Marne

Question 8

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Answer 8

Germany dismissed Bismark in 1890. Did not renew Bismark’s treaty with Russia and “forced” Russia to look for another ally (France)

Question 9

Kruger Telegram

Answer 9

William II sent Kruger of the Transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the Jamson Raid. Alerted Britain of the dangers from Germany

Question 10

TE Lawrence

Answer 10

Enigmatic English Col. Known as Lawrence of Arabia. Aroused the Arabs to revolt in 1917

Question 11

VI Lenin

Answer 11

Believed in Marxist Socialism

(1) believed capitalism must be destroyed
(2) a social revolution was possible in backwards Russia
(3) the need for highly trained workers partly controlled by revolutionaries like himself

Question 12

League of Nations

Answer 12

Allies worked out terms for peace with Germany (1919) precursor to the United States

Question 13

Lusitania

Answer 13

Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 Americans killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare

Question 14

Battle of Marne

Answer 14

A major French victory against the invading German army at the start of WWI. In reality lost Germany the war

Question 15

Morocco Crisis (1911)

Answer 15

After the French received Morocco, Germany demanded an international conference
German bullying forced England and France closer
Germany gained nothing

Question 16

Nicholas II

Answer 16

The last tsar. Wanted supreme rule of army and government. Led the armies to defeat. Forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Duma

Question 17

Gavrito Princip

Answer 17

The assassin of Franz Joseph of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Question 18

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 18

Treaty between Bolsheviks and Germans
(1) Russia list 1/3 of its population (2) height of Russian success in WWI
Signed by Lenin

Question 19

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 19

Negotiated by the Big Three Germany was stripped of colonies Alsace and Cormine given back to France. Poland was reconstituted as a state. Polish corridor would split Prussia from Germany. The Saar region would be French for 15 years. Heavy repurcussions (not specified)

Question 20

Battle of Verdun (1916)

Answer 20

German assault on the French fortress

Turned into a battle of attrition (France won)

Question 21

Triple Entente (1914)

Answer 21

Great Britain, France, and Russia

Question 22

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Answer 22

President Wilson’s peace proposal in 1918 stressed national self-determination and the rights of the small countries. Freedom of the seas and free trade. Clemancceau said “god only had ten”

Question 23

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 23

US president who led USA into WWI. He proposed the 14 points. He attended the peace conference at Versailles

Question 24

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 24

German Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German minister in Mexico City telling h I’m to promise the Mexican President German help if Mexico went to war with the US. The telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British. Shocked the American public

Question 25

Army Order #1

Answer 25

Issued by the Petrograd soviet shipped offices of their authority and placed the power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers

Question 26

Bloody Sunday

Answer 26

In Russia 1905 Russian soldiers inadvertently opened fire on demonstrators, turning them against the tsar. Possibly the start of he revolution

Question 27

Bolsheviks

Answer 27

“Majority group”

Question 28

Cheka

Answer 28

Secret police set up by Lenin. Arrested “enemies of the revolution”

Question 29

Decembrist Revolt

Answer 29

Uprising in Russia mainly soldiers soon suppressed. First manifestation of the modern revolutionary movement inspired by ideology

Question 30

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Answer 30

Russian novelist

Question 31

Duma

Answer 31

Popular parliament

Question 32

Fundamental Laws

Answer 32

Issued by the Russian Government in 1906. The tsar retained great power. The Duma was elected by universal male suffrage. The Upper House could pass laws but the tsar had veto power

Question 33

Alexander Kerensky

Answer 33

Headed the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty

Question 34

General Kornilov

Answer 34

Wanted to be the savior of Russia. Tried to stage a coup. Demanded the resignation of all ministers. Kerensky ordered him to turn over command. Soldiers refused to follow him

Question 35

Kronstadt Revolt

Answer 35

Rebellion of previously loyal sailors at the naval base. Suppressed by the military. After the revolt Lenin introduced the NEP

Question 36

March Revolution

Answer 36

Bolsheviks become the leaders if Russia

Question 37

Mensheviks

Answer 37

“Minority group”

Question 38

Mir

Answer 38

Peasant village assembly responsible to the government

Question 39

“Peace, Bread, and Land”

Answer 39

Lenin’s slogan in the revolution. Peace from the war. Land for the peasants. Food for all