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ESA 2 SK > MR 11 The ANS > Flashcards

MR 11 The ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What in general does sympatheitic nervous system do?

A

Fight or flight

inc HR, force of contraction, bp

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2
Q

What in general does parasympathetic nervous system do?

A

rest and digest

regulates basal activities

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3
Q

Where does parasympathetic nervous system originate?

A

Horn of medulla and sacral regions

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4
Q

Where does sympathetic nervous system originate?

A

Thoracolumbar regions

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5
Q

Which neurones are myelinated in ANS, preganglionic or postganglionic?

A

Pre-ganglionic

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6
Q

What are the lengths of parasympathetic neurones?

A

Long preganglionic, short post ganglionic

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7
Q

Where are the ganglia in parasympathetic nerves?

A

In the tissues innervated by the postsynaptic fibres

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8
Q

What are the lengths of sympathetic neurones?

A

Short pre-ganglionic, long post-ganglionic

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9
Q

Where are the ganglia in sympathetic neurones?

A

in paravertebral chain close to spinal cord

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10
Q

What transmitter do pre-ganglionic neurones use?

A

Acetylcholine

are cholinergic

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11
Q

Which postganglionic neurones transmit Ach? What receptors does this activate?

A

Parasympathetic

activates muscarinic receptors

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12
Q

What type of receptors are muscarinic receptors?

A

Ach

G-protein coupled

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13
Q

What transmitter do most sympathetic post gangionic neurones use and on what receptors?

A 
NA
alpha adrenoceptors(a1 a2)and beta adrenoceptors(b1, b2, b3)
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14
Q

What type of receptors are adrenoceptors?

A

G- protein coupled

NA and adrenaline

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15
Q

Which sympathetic post ganglionic neurones are cholinergic?

A

sweat glands, hair follicles (piloerection)

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16
Q

What are Non-Adrenergic, Non-Cholinergic (NANC) transmitters? Give examples

A

Transmitters that may be co-released with NA or ACh

e.g ATP, NO, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT/serotonin), neiropeptides

17
Q

What are chromaffin cells?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic neurones in adrenal glands that don’t project to a target tissue but instead secrete adrenaline

18
Q

Where are chromaffin cells founs?

A

Adrenal medulla

19
Q

What do M2 receptors do and at what site?

A

Cause bradycardia -SA node

Reduce cardiac conduction velocity -AV node

20
Q

Where are M3 receptors found? What do they do?

A

Smooth muscle
Bronchial contraction
Inc intestinal mobility and secretion
Bladder contraction (detrusor) and relaxtion (trigone/sphincter)
Penile erection
Ciliary muscle and iris contraction in eye

21
Q

Which receptors are responsible for increased sweat, salivary and lacrimal secretion?

A

m1/m3

22
Q

Which sypathetic receptors are found in the heart, what do they do?

A

b1
cause tachycardia at SA node
cause positive inotropy in ventricles

23
Q

Which receptors are responsible for bronchial/intestinal/ uterine relaxation?

A

b2

sympathetic

24
Q

What are some ANS disorders?

A 
Catecholamine disorders
Central autonomic disorders
Orthostatic intolerance syndrome
Paroxysmal autonomic syncopes
Peripheral autonomic disorders
25
Q

What is familial Dysautonomia (FD)?

A

Autosomal recessive disorder affecting development and survival of sympathetic and some parasympathetic neurones
Almost exlusively askenazi jewish descent
Infants often present due to feeding and swallowing difficulties
Symptoms include dysautonomic crises, GI tract dyscoordination, CV and resp dysfunction, altered sensory perception, spinal curvature

26
Q

Via which nerve do chemoreceptors in the carotid body relay information to the CNS? What do these sense?

A

Glossopharangeal nerve

Blood O2, CO2 and pH

27
Q

What is the nucleus tractus solitarius?

A

The “Second order” sensory neurons in medulla oblongata that primary sensory neurones project onto that integrates all the visceral afferent info

28
Q

What does choline acetyltransferase do?

A

Combine Acetyl CoA and choline to acetylcholine and CoA

29
Q

What does acetylcholinesterase do?

A

Break Ach into acetate and choline

30
Q

Where does trimetaphan act, why? What does it do?

A

Acts on nAchRs at autonomic ganglia
Here but not at NM junctions as receptors differ in structure
Blocks ganglion in anaesthetic procedures

31
Q

How many types of mAChRs are there? Are drugs affecting these used?

A

5types

Not really very few agonists and antagonists clinically available often as little selectivity

32
Q

What group of receptors does tolterodine affect, what is it used to treat?

A

mAChRs

overactive bladder

ESA 2 SK (35 decks)

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