Cells Ultra Structure

Question 0

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 0

Where chemical reactions occur and is where the first stage of respiration takes place

Question 1

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 1

It controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

It contains genetic material and controls cell activity

Question 3

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 3

It is the site of respiration

Question 4

What takes place in a ribosome?

Answer 4

Protein synthesis

Question 5

What does chlorophyll in chloroplasts do?

Answer 5

Traps light for photosynthesis

Question 6

What is the cell wall made from and it’s function?

Answer 6

It’s made from cellulose and is to give cells shape and support

Question 7

What is in the vacuole?

Answer 7

Cell sap- salts and sugars

Question 8

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 8

Chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole

Question 9

What do plants and animal cells both have?

Answer 9

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 10

What is the cell membrane made out of?

Answer 10

Lipids and proteins

Question 11

Describe the cell membrane in two points.

Answer 11

It’s selectively permeable and is composed of a lipid bilayer- lips and proteins

Question 12

What is the definition of passive transport?

Answer 12

The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient, not requiring energy

Question 13

What is the definition of active transport?

Answer 13

The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration, a long a concentration gradient, until evenly spread

Question 15

What is osmosis?

Answer 15

The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration, along a concentration gradient, through a selectively permeable membrane until evenly spread

Question 16

What is the function of proteins in the membrane?

Answer 16

Carries molecules across the membrane

Question 17

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 17

When a gene is taken out and inserted into a plasmid, where it then reproduces to make a vast amount of the wanted product

Question 18

Describe the process of genetic engineering in 8 steps

Answer 18

1. Chromosome extracted and required gene identified
2. Gene cut out with enzymes
3. Plasmid extracted
4. Plasmid cut open with enzymes
5. Gene inserted into plasmid
6. Plasmid inserted into bacterial “host” cell
7. Bacterium grows and multiplies
8. Mass produced by products of bacterium plasmid

Question 19

State two advantages and two disadvantages of genetic engineering.

Answer 19

1. Helps saves lives by preventing heredity genetics and diseases such as diabetes can be treated as insulin can be produced
2. Food shortages won’t be common as crops can be modified to have higher yields and be harvested more than once a year
3. It’s very costly
4. Isn’t ethical and morally right

Question 20

What do animal and plants cells become when placed in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 20

Animal- Shrink

Plants- Plasmolysed

Question 21

What do animal and plants cells become when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 21

Animal- Swell/Burst

Plant- Turgid