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Matthew > History Final 2 > Flashcards

History Final 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The Renaissance is most heavily associated with

A

art and learning

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2
Q

What did Protestants protest during the Reformation?

A

Complains against the church’s doctrine

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3
Q

The first successful printing press was developed by his this man

A

Johannes Gutenberg in 1448

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4
Q

What were Renaissance scholars called? (Hint: they were interested in the world and people around them.)

A

Humanists

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5
Q

The Crusades resulted in all of the following EXCEPT:

a) new trade routes
b) the mistreatment of Jews.
c) cooperation between Muslims and Christians
d) the growth of towns in Western Europe

A

c) cooperation between Muslims and Christians

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6
Q

The main reason that Renaissance spread quickly around the world is due to:

A

Italy had 3 advantages:

1) thriving cities,
2) a wealthy mer- chant class, and
3) the classical heritage of Greece and Rome.

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7
Q

Who led the Protestant Reformation?

A

Martin Luther

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8
Q

Who was a great poet and playwright during the Renaissance?

A

Shakespeare, William

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9
Q

In what city in Italy did the Renaissance begin?

A

Florence

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10
Q

Who began the protestant Reformation?

A

Martin Luther

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11
Q

The word secular means

A

Worldly rather than spiritual.

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12
Q

What German Monk posted his protest against the Catholic Church and its abuses which lead to the Protestant Reformation?

A

Martin Luther

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13
Q

During the Renaissance people looked to this culture or group of people to review their teachings

A

ancient Greek and Roman

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14
Q

During the Reformation, Christians split into what two groups?

A

1) Protestants,

2) catholic,

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15
Q

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

A

Art and learning

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16
Q

Which of the following was a major reason for the Reformation?

A

Northern merchants resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome

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17
Q

The best synonym for secular would be

a) new
b) worldly
c) humane
d) religious

A

b) worldly

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18
Q

Much of the Renaissance art and education was funded and supported in _______________________ , ruled by _______________________

a) Rome; the Pope
b) London; Bloody Mary
c) Florence; Leonardo De Medici
d) None of the above

A

c) Florence; Leonardo De Medici

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19
Q

Name two important Italian and two important Northern European artists that lived during the Renaissance period. (that we studied in class)

A

1) Italians: Leonardo Da Vinci and Michaelangelo

2) Northern European: Albrecht Durer and Hans Holbein

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20
Q

The Age that is known for creativity, the birth of music and the art movement is the:

A

Renaissance

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21
Q

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

A

the Bible

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22
Q

Who invented the moveable printing press?

A

Johan Gutenberg

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23
Q

What was an important effect of the invention of the Printing Press?

a) Gutenberg used his wealth from the invention to become a patron
b) It led to the development of public libraries
c) It led to renewed study of Latin and Greek
d) It increased literacy and the use of vernacular

A

d) It increased literacy and the use of vernacular

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24
Q

In Spain, an effect of the Inquisition during the 16th century was to

a) prevent the spread of Protestant religions
b) reintroduce Moorish culture to the Iberian Peninsula
c) encourage the development of the Industrial Revolution
d) implement the ideas of the Renaissance in major cities

A

a) prevent the spread of Protestant religions

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25
Q

What kind of person represented the ideal of the “Renaissance Man?”

A

someone excelling in many areas of study

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26
Q

For what is the Medici family famous?

A

for being rulers and supporters of the arts

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27
Q

The study of classical texts caused humanists to focus on what subjects?

A

human potential and achievement

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28
Q

What were the causes of the Crusades? What were some of the results of the Crusades?

A

1) The reason and cause of the crusades was a war between Christians and Moslems which centered around the city of Jerusalem and the Holy places of Palestine.
2) Results: The main result of the Crusades was an increase in trade between the Middle East and Europe. That, and quite some many slaughtered human beings.

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29
Q

In a short paragraph, discuss the historical timing of the plague and why it was significant. (i.e. what were some of the contributing factors that were exacerbated by the plague?)

A

1) the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-1353.
2) The plage began in Asia and spread quickly to Europe because waste was dumped into open gutters.
3) About 1/3 of the population died.
4) People’s faith in God was shaken. The church lost its power and importance. Workers, now in short supply, demanded higher wages.

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30
Q

How many Crusades were there?

A

There were 7 Crusades

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31
Q

What new business systems developed because of the revival of trade in Europe?

1) ___________
2) ___________
3) ___________

A

1) Manufacturing
2) Banking
3) Investment

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32
Q

True or False? To be chivalrous literally meant to behave as a horseman, which is to say as a knight because the word chivalry is derived from cheval.

A

False

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33
Q

What were two changes that took place in the Later Middle Ages in terms of warfare?

A

Europeans learned how to undermine walls and use catapults to throw rocks.
Form the Muslims, they have learned about gunpowder

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34
Q

What was a guild?

A

Associations of Merchants and workers

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35
Q

What was Great Schism? (Be as detailed as possible!)

A

Great Schism is the time when the church was divided into opposing groups. So different Popes would be elected in different places. For political reasons, each pope had the support of certain national rulers and their people and clergy.

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36
Q

What were the causes of the Hundred Years War? What were the results?

A

In the early 1300s the English king Edward III held land in France. Because of that he thought he could be the King of France after the last king from the Capetian dynasty died. But instead the French assembly chose Philip VI. This fact lead to many conflicts known as the Hundred Years War between France and England.

Results: the House of Commons gained more power over the king, now the king needed Parliament’s consent on all special taxes, another consequence was the loss of many life.

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37
Q

How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?

A

1) Mapmaking improved during the Renaissance
2) Improved navigation instruments: COMPASS (most important instrument developed)
3) New ships: longer and larger than galleys. Ships were easier to steer and move faster.

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38
Q

The Renaissance saw a rebirth of what era?

A

The Classical Era - The great age of Rome and Greece

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39
Q

How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and its aftermath ensure that the English monarchy would thereafter be limited in power?

A

Parliament had the power to remove or crown monarchs. The monarch was now subject to rule of law.

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40
Q

Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Tudors

A

The Strong Tudor Trend: For about 150 years, from 1485 to 1640, it looked like England would also go the way of the other European countries and become an absolutist monarchy with the rise of the strong Tudor monarchs Henry VII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I. Every indication pointed that way with the reduction of the nobility to obedience to the crown, the monarch’s assumption of religious primacy, and the reorganization of the governmental machinery itself.

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41
Q

Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Da Vinci

A

Da Vinci’s surviving was an artist (paintings). He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy, flight, gravity and optics. He ‘invented’ the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.

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42
Q

Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Gutenberg

A

Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 1448, and the first book to ever be printed was a Latin language Bible.

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43
Q

Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Philip II

A

Philip II was born in 1527 and he died in 1598. Philip II became king of Spain. He governed Spain in her so-called “Golden Age”. However, his reign saw the economic decline of Spain, her bankruptcy and a disastrous decade, which included the disaster of the Spanish Armada.

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44
Q

Identify the following historical figures as they relate to history: Copernicus, Galileo

A

Nicolas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei were astronomers who believed in the heliocentric model of the solar system, in which planets revolve around the Sun.

Galileo was the first astronomer to build a telescope for viewing the heavens.
Galileo was put under house arrest by the Roman Catholic Church because he supported the idea that the earth orbited the sun.

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45
Q

Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII:

A

Catholic church were all against them

46
Q

Define what Humanism is and name some subjects they studied.

A

1) Humanism is the focus on human potential;

2) They studied literature and science and Greco-Roman culture

47
Q

True or False: The most powerful of the Inquisition courts was located in Italy.

A

False

48
Q

Copernicus reasoned that the stars, Earth, and other planets revolved around the sun is called

A

Heliocentric theory

49
Q

What 3 new inventions helped scientists make more precise observations and measurements?

A

Telescope, compas, and astrolabe

50
Q

A period of questioning accepted views of the world became known as

A

The Scientific Revolution

51
Q

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

A

1) It was the root of Roman culture, the center of Renaissance culture
2) Their cities had survived the Middle Ages. (Like Florence and Genoa)
3) The wealthy merchant class supported the Renaissance, supporting education, exerting political and economical

52
Q

Name 5 revolutionary scientists during the scientific revolution.

A 
Nicolaus Copernicus 
Kepler 
Newton 
Galileo Galilei 
René Descartes
53
Q

The development of the printing press

a) raised the cost of publishing (True/False)
b) slowed the spread of literature (True/False)
c) discouraged the spread of new ideas (True/False)

A

a) False ( it lowered the cost of publishing)
b) False (the spread of literature was fast)
c) False (it spread of new ideas)

54
Q

The Renaissance was a time when scholars, artists and scientists rediscovered the works and books of ancient _______ and __________

A

Greece and Rome .

55
Q

True or False: Sir Isaac Newton not only explained gravity and the motion of planets. He also explained how forces affect the motion of objects.

A

True

56
Q

True or False: Martin Luther was burned at the stake for not agreeing with the Catholic Church.

A

False

57
Q

Who was King Henry VIII? Why should we remember him?

A

King Henry VIII was a great king of England during the Renaissance period. He turned to Protestantism and was part of the Reformation period. He went against the Catholic Church.

58
Q

Why did Martin Luther and his followers split from the Catholic Church?

A

sale of indulgences, among others

59
Q

How were books made before the moveable printing press?

A

handwritten

60
Q

The theory that places Earth at the center of the universe is called

A

geocentric theory

61
Q

Italian Renaissance writer, famously known for a handbook on how to rule, titled “The Prince”

A

Machiavelli

62
Q

True or False: Italians during the renaissance had contact with two rich civilizations that enabled Italy to flourish. Trade with both Asia and Africa helped the merchant class to rise in power.

A

True

63
Q

Sir Isaac Newton combined the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo into one single theory that stated that all physical objects were affected by the same force-gravity. This theory was called

A

universal gravitation

64
Q

The time of European exploration of North America, South America, Asia, and Africa from 1450-1750 is called

A

The Age of Exploration

65
Q

The voyage of Columbus began which historical period?

A

Age of Exploration

66
Q

Christopher Columbus’ four voyages across the Atlantic led to

a) a decline in Europe’s population as a result of new diseases.
b) an exchange of people, foods, and germs between Europe and the Americas.
c) a race between Spain and India to claim large parts of the Americas.
d) the introduction of slavery to Spain and other parts of Europe

A

b) an exchange of people, foods, and germs between Europe and the Americas.

67
Q

In your opinion who do you think should be given the honor of discovering the Americas, the Vikings or Christopher Columbus. Why do you feel this way? Explain your answer.

A

The Vikings because they found America several hundred years before that.

68
Q

What were the names of three ships in which Columbus sailed?

A

Nina
Pinta
Santa Maria

69
Q

The word renaissance refers to

A

the rebirth of the arts in Europe.

70
Q

One important reason Italy was the birthplace of the European Renaissance was

A

Its placement and terrain and many talented people spread ideas fast.

71
Q

Describe the Medici impact of Italy.

A

They were a wealthy European family in the 1400s. They had a banking business and ranked in the richest of Europe. Cosimo seized power of the Florence government in 1434 and and the family continued as uncrowned rulers for years. Lorenzo, his grandson, was a patron of the arts. He held Florence together in difficult items.

72
Q

Who was the most important ruler during the Renaissance period? Give at least one contribution to society and/or the arts.

A

Henry VIII. He was responsible for establishing the Royal Navy which made England a secure nation. He was a humanist who contributed to the growth of the arts and education. He was a Protestant reformer, leading to the break from the corruption of the Catholic church.

73
Q

The black death was one powerful factor that caused ordinary Europeans to question”

A

Question the power of God

74
Q

Michelangelo excelled as a __________

A

Painter

75
Q

True or False. The age of Exploration was driven in large part by the search for wealth.

A

True

76
Q

True or False. The first country to launch large-scale voyages of exploration was Spain.

A

False

77
Q

True or False. Slave labor declined in the Americas as a result of the Age of Exploration

A

False

78
Q

True or False. An astrolabe was a light, fast sailing ship.

A

False
The astrolabe was New piece of technology that the Europeans first learned how to use from Muslims. The astrolabe allowed navigators to calculate their location based on the position of the sun and starts in relation to the horizon

79
Q

True or False. Europeans had developed a taste for goods from Asia dating back to the Roman Empire and trade from the Silk Road.

A

True

80
Q

True or False. Explorer Amerigo Vespucci concluded that the land discovered by Columbus was not part of Asia, but a new land.

A

True

81
Q

True or False. The first areas settle by Spanish were in Mexico.

A

False

82
Q

True or False. Colonies in the Americas were allowed to sell raw materials to countries other than the home country.

A

False

83
Q

Which of the following best describes the food exchange between Europe and the Americas?

a) Europeans brought coffee, corn, and potatoes to the Americas, and took rice, wheat, and oranges to Europe.
b) Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe.
c) Europeans brought squash, peanuts, and tobacco to the Americas, and took sheep, turkeys, and pigs to Europe.
d) Europeans brought tomatoes, potatoes, and wheat to the Americas, and took horses, beans, and rubber to Europe.

A

b) Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas, and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe.

84
Q

What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange?

a) Native American diseases destroyed European populations.
b) The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies.
c) Llamas began to be used as beasts of burden
d) Triangular trade became less profitable.

A

b) The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies.

85
Q

Which of the following explorers is given the credit as the first to circumnavigate the world?

a) Magellan
b) Columbus
c) da Gama
d) Hudson

A

a) Magellan

86
Q

How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration?

a) by emphasizing the importance of converting people to Buddhism
b) by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe.
c) by fostering a belief in the importance of working as a group
d) by persuading Europeans that the pursuit of wealth was all-important.

A

b) by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe.

87
Q

When did Charles I come to the throne?

a) 1625
b) 1629
c) 1649

A

a) 1625

88
Q

What were England’s strict Protestants called?

a) Catholics
b) Arminian
c) Puritan

A

c) Puritan

89
Q

Charles believed in the Divine Right of Kings. What does this mean?

a) The king had power over Parliament
b) The king was appointed by God
c) The king was as important as God

A

b) The king was appointed by God

90
Q

What is the period when Charles ruled without Parliament called?

a) Parliamentary Privilege
b) Divine Right
c) The Eleven Years’ Tyranny

A

c) The Eleven Years’ Tyranny

91
Q

In 1641, Parliament sent Charles a list of 204 complaints. What was his called?

a) Grand Remonstrance
b) Nineteen Propositions
c) Heads of the Proposals

A

a) Grand Remonstrance

92
Q

When did Charles declare war on Parliament?

a) June 1642
b) July 1642
c) August 1642

A

a) June 1642

93
Q

Which of these fought for the King?

a) Cavaliers
b) Covenanters
c) Roundheads

A

a) Cavaliers

94
Q

What happened to Charles after the Second Civil War?

a) he went to deal with the Scots
b) He went to France with his wife
c) He was tried for treason and executed

A

c) He was tried for treason and executed

95
Q

What was Cromwell’s tittle after he dismissed Parliament in 1653?

a) Protector
b) Major-General

A

a) Protector

96
Q

What was the Great Fire of London?

A

A fire that burned down a lot of London in 1666

97
Q

The restoration of the monarchy occurred in 1660 when who returned from exile in France?

A

Charles II of England

98
Q

Why was James II forced to abdicate the throne?

A

Hr alienated himself from everyone escaping to France.

99
Q

Who became the ruler after James II?

A

Charles II

100
Q

What was the purpose of the English Bill of Rights which was passed in 1689?

A

1) To guarantee the citizen’s rights.

2) To reduce the power of the government’s compulsive actions

101
Q

Who was John Locke?

A

was an English philosopher and physician who believed in private property (1632 – 1704)

102
Q

Who was Isaac Newton?

A

He was an astronomer who invented calculus, and the law of universal gravitation.
He was knighted in 1705

103
Q

When did the Glorious Revolution take place?

a) 1776
b) 1698
c) 1688
d) 1492

A

c) 1688

104
Q

Who was the Leader of England at the time of the Glorious Revolution?

a) King James II
b) King William the Conqueror
c) King Henry VIII

A

a) King James II

105
Q

What religion was King James II?

A

Roman Catholic

106
Q

Why was King James’ religion a problem for the members of Parliament and the people of England?

a) They feared the Pope would come to England
b) They were afraid that he would want to make Catholicism the official religion.
c) They fear that Protestants in England would move to America,
d) they wanted to make the official religion of England Baptist

A

b) They were afraid that he would want to make Catholicism the official religion.

107
Q

Before the Glorious Revolution, who did Parliament and the people of England hope would become the next monarch of England?

a) The people of England wanted James I’s cousin, Virginia to become a queen because she was honest and would protect the rights to the English.
b) William III, because he was an Anglican Protestant.
c) They hoped that James II’s daughter, Mary would become queen because she was a protestant
de) King George II

A

c) They hoped that James II’s daughter, Mary would become queen because she was a protestant

108
Q

How was this hope dashed?

a) James II’s daughter died during childbirth
b) James II’s brother lead a revolution
c) James II’s wife gave birth to a son who became heir to the English throne.
d) all of the above

A

c) James II’s wife gave birth to a son who became heir to the English throne.

109
Q

What did Parliament do after the birth of James’ son?

a) Designed a complex assassination plot to kill James and his son.
b) Summoned an army and stormed the Palace, overthrowing King James.
c) Offered the throne to James’ daughter, Mary, and her husband, William.
d) converted to Catholicism.

A

c) Offered the throne to James’ daughter, Mary, and her husband, William.

110
Q

What did James II do when William of Orange invaded England?

a) Challenged William of Orange to a duel.
b) Led the English Army in to the Great Battle of the Glorious Revolution against William of Orange.
c) Fled to France.
d) Resigned as King, and retired in Spain

A

c) Fled to France.

111
Q

What is meant by the term, “bloodless revolution” and how did it apply to the Glorious Revolution?
a) A bloodless revolution is one where only soldiers die, not civilians.

b) A bloodless revolution is a political upheaval in which the ruling class is removed from power by the common people, without bloodshed. This was accomplished by the London mob in the Glorious revolution.
c) A bloodless revolution is a transfer of power between rulers/governments without fighting or deaths. The Glorious Revolution saw the transfer of power from James II to William and Mary without any bloodshed.
d) People were killed so quickly, they did not bleed.

A

c) A bloodless revolution is a transfer of power between rulers/governments without fighting or deaths. The Glorious Revolution saw the transfer of power from James II to William and Mary without any bloodshed.

112
Q

How did the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and its aftermath ensure that the English monarchy would thereafter be limited in power?
a) Parliament had the power to remove or crown monarchs. The monarch was now subject to rule of law.

b) The monarch became a figure head without any say in how the government is run.
c) The monarchy became an elected position.
d) The kings were just not good leads so the people turned to the Parliament.

A

a) Parliament had the power to remove or crown monarchs. The monarch was now subject to rule of law.

Matthew (16 decks)

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