Chapter 16

Question 0

How has molecular systematics lead to classifying prokaryotes into two domains?

Answer 0

Small subunit ribosomal DNA

Question 1

How common are prokaryotes on earth?

Answer 1

Very common, prokaryotes are found where there is life.

Question 2

How do bacterial cell walls differ from plant cell walls?

Answer 2

Plant cell walls contain cellulose or chitin.

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidolycan

Question 3

How does the cell wall aid in classifying the bacteria?

Answer 3

Gram-positive bacteria have simpler walls with a thick layer of peptidoglycan

Gram-negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan and a more complex outer membrane

Question 4

Method bacteria use to locomote

Answer 4

They are equipped with flagella

Question 5

How are prokaryotes able to survive in harsh conditions?

Answer 5

They divide by binary fission, reproduce rapidly, and can produce endospores.

Question 6

Bacteria reproduce by_______.

Answer 6

Binary fission

Question 7

What is an autotroph?

Answer 7

A self feeder

Question 8

What are the four nutritional categories of bacteria?

Answer 8

Photoautotroph- photosynthesis
Chemoautotroph-gain energy from inorganic chemicals
Photoheterotroph- sunlight
Chemoheterotroph- organic compounds

Question 9

Explain the role of bacteria in human diseases

Answer 9

Pathogenic bacteria cause about half of all human diseases. Most cause illness by producing a poison either an endotoxin or exotoxin

Question 10

What is the ecological significance of prokaryotes?

Answer 10

Chemical recycling; decomposers. They unlock supplies of carbon,nitrogen, and other elements.

Question 11

Which two domains are most closely related?

Answer 11

Archaea and Eukarya

Question 12

What are characteristics of Bacteria?

Answer 12

Prokaryotic

Single celled

Question 13

What are characteristics of Archaea?

Answer 13

Prokaryotic
More related to Eukarya than bacteria
Single celled

Question 14

What are characteristics of Eukarya?

Answer 14

Eukaryotes
Multicellular organisms

Ex. Humans

Question 15

Why are protist the most diverse of all eukaryotes?

Answer 15

They contain all eukaryotes that don’t fit the definition of a plant, fungo, or animal

Question 16

What process is thought to be involved in the genesis of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Answer 16

Endosymbiotic theory by Lynne Margulis

Question 17

What is the evolutionary significance of the red and green algae?

Answer 17

Led to the multicellular form of some plants

Question 18

What is the advantage of multicellularity?

Answer 18

Specialization- different cells do different things

Ex. Tissue muscle cells