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Chemistry C-1 > Crude Oil And Products Of Crude Oil > Flashcards

Crude Oil And Products Of Crude Oil Flashcards

0
Q

What is distillation

A

Means separating liquids with different boiling points

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1
Q

What is the problem with crude oil

A

A lot cannot be used for the fuel so all the products of crude oils are made from it

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2
Q

In distillation what happens to the lowest boiling points

A

It evaporates first, you then collect the vapour and condense it, next you change the boiling point to collect the other fractions

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3
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

It is when there are many different types of liquids with different boiling points and when they all come out one by one they are called fractions

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4
Q

What do longer chains/bigger chains mean?

A

Less flammable
Higher viscosity
Less volitile
Boiling and melting point increases

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5
Q

What is at the top of the fractional distillation tower

A

The smaller molecules which have a lower boiling point will go to the top because it is cooler

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6
Q

What does a molecule formula show

A

The numbers of each type of atom present

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7
Q

What does fractional distillation depend on

A

Each molecule having a different boiling point

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8
Q

What is found at the bottom is the fractional distillation tower

A

The molecule with the highest boiling point will condense here (they are bigger molecules)

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9
Q

What is crude oil a mixture of

A

Different molecules

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10
Q

Are the molecules in crude oil chemically bonded together?

A

No

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11
Q

If crude oil is heated what would the last thing to boil off be?

A

Lubricating oil

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12
Q

Does diesel have larger or smaller molecules than petrol?

A

Larger

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13
Q

Put the following in order from the top of the fractional distillation tower:
Diesel, bitumen, petrol and kerosene

A

Petrol
Kerosene
Diesel
Bitumen

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14
Q

What is petrol used for?

A

Fuel in car engines

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15
Q

How many carbons and hydrogens does ‘ethane’ have

A

Carbons-2

Hydrogens-6

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16
Q

How many carbons and hydrogens does ‘propane’ have

A

C-3

H-8

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17
Q

How many carbons and hydrogens does ‘Brobane’ have

A

C-4

H-10

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18
Q

What is diesel used for

A

Fuel in Diesel engines and as boiler fuel

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19
Q

What does it mean if the viscosity of a hydrocarbon is low

A

It means it will be a very runner liquid

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20
Q

How many carbons and hydrogens does ‘Pentane’ have

A

C-5

H-12

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21
Q

How many carbons and hydrogens does ‘Hexane’ have

A

C-6

H-14

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22
Q

How many bonds does each carbon atom have

A

4

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23
Q

Why is it more likely that hydrocarbons with short chains catch fire

A

Because they don’t stick together and they are more volitile

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24
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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25
Q

Are alkanes saturated hydrocarbons or unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Saturated (contain as much hydrogen as possible)

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26
Q

Explain why the alkanes get thicker and less runny as the length of the chain increases

A

They will get more tangled and there are week forces of attraction between the molecules. Bigger molecules will have bigger attractions

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27
Q

The longer the alkane molecules the …………….. viscous it is

A

More

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28
Q

The shorter the alkane molecule the …………. its boiling point

A

Lower

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29
Q

The shorter the alkane molecule the …………. flammable it is

A

More

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30
Q

What is organic chemistry

A

It is the chemistry of carbon compound ( excluding carbon dioxide and carbonates)

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31
Q

What are hydrocarbon?

A

They are compounds which only contains which carbon and hydrogen

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32
Q

What type of bond do alkanes have

A

Single

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33
Q

How many carbons and hydrogens does ‘Methane’ have

A

C-1

H-4

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34
Q

What is a molecule

A

Two or more atoms joined together

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35
Q

What does a displays formula show

A

All the atoms and bonds

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36
Q

What is combustion

A

It means burn

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37
Q

What happens in a combustion reaction

A

Carbon and water is let of into the atmostphere

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38
Q

What is the general world equation for alkane combustion

A

Alkane + water = carbon dioxide + water

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39
Q

What is complete combustion

A

It is when the hydrocarbon burns in plenty of oxygen

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40
Q

What us incomplete combustion

A

It is when there is not enough oxiygen to completely oxides the carbon to carbon dioxide and so some of soot (unburnt carbon) and carbon monoxide

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41
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous

A

Because it has no smell or taste, therefore it is hard to detect. Carbon monoxide makes you tired and can eventually kill you. Carbon monoxide stops red blood cells carrying oxygen and this can very quickly lead to death

42
Q

What is produced when air (nitrogen and oxygen) and fuel (mixture of hydrocarbons with some sulphur compounds)

A 
Carbon dioxide
Water
Nitrogen 
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Particulates (carbon)
43
Q

What does carbon dioxide do

A

If it is in water it makes it acidic which can affect sea life

44
Q

What do plants absorb

A

Carbon dioxide

45
Q

What makes surfaces dirty

A

When particulate carbon is deposited

46
Q

What does nitrogen (NO) turn rapidly to

A

The secondary pollutant NO2

47
Q

What does sulphur dioxide and nitrogen produce and why is it bad

A

Produces sulphuric acid

Bad for the plants

48
Q

What are fuels

A

They are substances which react with oxygen and rales carbon dioxide

49
Q

What colour would the flame be to see complete combustion

A

Blue

50
Q

Why is incomplete combustion dangerous

A

Because it produces carbon monoxide which causes death

51
Q

Why is incomplete combustion a waste of fuel

A

Because it doesn’t make much energy

52
Q

Why is incomplete combustion messy

A

Because it produces soot

53
Q

How might you tell from the flame produced that combustion is incomplete

A

Because it will have a smoky yellow flame

54
Q

What is meant by craking alkanes

A

Craking is breaking large hydrocarbon molecules (which aren’t very useful) into smaller more useful molecules.

55
Q

How do you crake alkanes

A

This is done using high temperatures and catalysts

56
Q

What are catalysts

A

things that spend up rections, you have different catalysts for different reactions

57
Q

What is craking an example of

A

Thermal decomposition

58
Q

Why when alkanes are cracked are the always a mixture of alkanes and alkenes

A

Because there is not enough hydrogens to go around

59
Q

What are alkanes?

A

They are made up of chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms. Different alkanes have chains of different lengths.

60
Q

What is the symbol for a carbon carbon double bond

A

C=C

61
Q

What is the general formula for a alkene

A

CnH2n

62
Q

What are alkenes unsaturated

A

Because they do not contain the maximum amount of hydrogen

63
Q

What are the first five alkanes?

A 
Methane-natural gas
Ethane
Propane 
Butane
Pentane
64
Q

What type of flame do alkenes burn in

A

A smoky yellow flame

65
Q

Why is bromine water the best way to see if a substance is an alkane or alkene

A

Because it is the easiest to see. Alkenes turn the bromine water from and orange to colourless (it is decolourised)

66
Q

There is more need for ………. chains fractions of crude oil such as ……… than for long chains such as …………..

A

Shorter
Petrol
Diesel

67
Q

Give three useful substances which we gat from diesel

A

Petrol
Ethene
Parrafin

68
Q

How many carbon and hydrogen atoms does ethene have

A

C=2

H=4

69
Q

How many carbon and hydrogen atoms does propene have

A

C=3

H=6

70
Q

How many carbon and hydrogen atoms does butene have

A

C=4

H=8

71
Q

How many carbon and hydrogen atoms does pentene

A

C=5

H=10

72
Q

How many carbon and hydrogen atoms does hexene have

A

C=6

H=12

73
Q

What are monomers

A

The are small reactive molecules which can make polymers. Monomers normally contain carbon carbon double bonds

74
Q

What are most plastics made of

A

Alkenes

75
Q

Plastics are very ……. molecules called ………

A

Large

Polymers

76
Q

How are polymers made

A

By joining together thousands of small molecules called monomers

77
Q

How does ethene turn into a polyer

A

When spilt it’s double bonds and join another ethene double bond (which also spits up)

78
Q

Why is cracking so important

A

Because hydrocarbons are difficult to vaporise and they don’t burn easily this means they are no good as fuels. However we can break down large hydrocarbons molecules in the process of creaking

79
Q

How are hydrocarbons craked

A

Using high temperatures and a catalyst

80
Q

What is another way to crack a hydrocarbon without using a catalyst

A

Mixing it in steam and heating it at a high temperature

81
Q

Why is ethene the smallest possible unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Because you need at least 2 double bonds

82
Q

How do propene molecules and any other alkene molecule join together

A

The double-bond between the carbon atoms in each molecule ‘opens up’. It is replaced by single bonds to the next opened double bond as thousands of molecules join together

83
Q

Why is cracking so important

A

Because hydrocarbons are difficult to vaporise and they don’t burn easily this means they are no good as fuels. However we can break down large hydrocarbons molecules in the process of creaking

84
Q

Who are hydrocarbons craked

A

Using high temperatures to vaporise them and pass them over a catalyst
Or
Mixing it with steam and then heating it at a high temperature

85
Q

Give an example if when the volatility has helped decided what fraction to use

A

The refinery gas fraction has the shortest molecules, so it has the lowest boiling point in fact it’s a gas at room temperature. This makes it ideal for using as bottled gas. It’s stored under pressure as liquids in ‘bottles’. When the top of the bottle is opens, the fuel vaporises and flows to the burner where it’s ignited.

86
Q

Why is ethene the smallest possible unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Because you need at least 2 double bonds

87
Q

How do propene molecules and any other alkene molecule join together

A

The double-bond between the carbon atoms in each molecule ‘opens up’. It is replaced by single bonds to the next opened double bond as thousands of molecules join together

88
Q

What are crude oils

A

They are a mixture of many different coumpound. Most of the compounds are hydrocarbon molecules

89
Q

Explain the bonding in crude oil

A

There are no chemical bonds between the different parts of a mixture, so the different hydrocarbons molecules in crude oil aren’t chemically bonded to one another. This means that they all keep their original properties, such as their condensing points.

90
Q

What are the properties of a mixture

A

They are just a mixture of the properties of the separate parts

91
Q

How can the parts in a mixture be seperated?

A

By using physical methods

92
Q

crude oil is extracted

A

From the ground to make fuels

93
Q

What are the first 5 alkene?

A 
Methene
Ethene
Propene 
Butene
Pentene
93
Q

What are the bonds like in alkanes?

A

Single bonds

93
Q

What are the bonds like in alkenes?

A

1 double bond

93
Q

Description of alkanes?

A

Saturated

93
Q

Description of alkenes?

A

Unsaturated

94
Q

What is the definition for suturates?

A

They have a single bond

95
Q

What is the definition for unsuturates?

A

They have 1 double bond

96
Q

What is released in incomplete combustion and why?

A

Carbon monoxide because there is not enough oxygen to burn

97
Q

What are alkenes and alkanes?

A

Hydrocarbons

98
Q

What is fractional distillation used for and what do you do?

A 
To separate crude oil,
Heat to vaporise the crude oil
The vapour rises
Hotter at the bottom than at the top 
molecules condense at their fraction
99
Q

How do you know if something is unsaturated?

A

It turns bromide water colourless

Chemistry C-1 (11 decks)

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