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Block 4 > 24 Hazardous Weather > Flashcards

24 Hazardous Weather Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most significant factor which affects the flow of air traffic and accounts for a significant percentage of all accidents?

A

Weather

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2
Q

Controller shall advise pilots of hazardous weather that may impact operations within _______of their sector or area of jurisdiction

A

150 NM

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3
Q

The atmospheric condition which, when encountered in flight, can potentially cause damage to the aircraft, personal injury, a crash, or death.

A

Aviation weather hazard

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4
Q

Name three main factors that influence aviation weather safety

A

Pilot ratings and experience
– aircraft design and performance specifications
– onboard equipment

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5
Q

What type of wind is responsible for most weather related accidents

A

Adverse wind

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6
Q

What are the most critical periods of any flight and are most susceptible to adverse wind

A

Take off and landing

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7
Q

Changing of runway configuration and reduced arrival rates are often triggered by what type of wind?

A

Adverse wind

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8
Q

Adverse wind phenomena includes what five things

A 
– Crosswinds 
– gusts 
– tailwind
– variable wind 
–sudden Windshift
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9
Q

If a pilot does not correctly compensate for crosswind what can happen?

A

The aircraft may drift off the side of the runway – sideload on landing gear might occur leading to gear collapse

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10
Q

I sudden, brief increasing the speed of wind

A

Gust

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11
Q

When an airplane is taking off into a headwind, gust may cause it to do what?

A

Bounce on the runway

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12
Q

Any wind more than 90° to the longitudinal axis of the runway

A

Tailwind

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13
Q

What type of wind is this

-longer take off role is required, smaller initial rate of climb occurs during take off, longer landing role is required

A

Tailwind

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14
Q

2 minute evaluation period, It fluctuates by 60° or more and the wind speed is less or more than 6 kn.

A

Variable wind

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15
Q

Change in wind direction of 45° or more which takes place in less than 15 minutes and has sustained winds of 10 kn or more

A

Wind shift

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16
Q

True or false

Small airplanes are more affected by tailwinds and crosswinds during take off and landings then large airplanes

A

True

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17
Q

A variable winds could be hazardous on take off and landing because it could______.

A

Quickly become a crosswind or tailwind

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18
Q

Which type of aircraft will perform better in adverse wind conditions, due to its higher tailwind and cross wind threshold?

A

Larger airplanes

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19
Q

Continued visual flight into _____Weather is the single greatest cause of fatal accidents

A

IFR

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20
Q

The feeling that you or your environment is moving or spinning

A

Vertigo

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21
Q

Which ceiling is more hazardous than the other caused by a layer a loft? Indefinite or equal?

A

Indefinite ceiling

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22
Q

Water droplets based at the earth surface and reducing horizontal visibility to less than 5/8 statute mile.

A

Fog

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23
Q

What is the most common and persistent weather hazard encountered in aviation?

A

Fog

* The speed which fog can form makes it especially hazardous

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24
Q

Three types of precipitation that most commonly cause IFR weather

A

Rain, drizzle, snow

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25
Q

Snow lifted from the surface of the earth by wind to a height of 6 feet or more above the ground and that reported horizontal visibility is reduced to less than seven statute miles

A

Blowing snow

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26
Q

Fine particles of rock powder that originate from a volcano and that may remain suspended in the atmosphere for long periods

A

Volcanic ash

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27
Q

Ingestion of volcanic ash into an engine can lead to

A

Partial or total power loss

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28
Q

Weather phenomena causing the obstruction of mountain peaks caused by clouds, precipitation, Smoke, Haze, mist or fog

A

Mountain obstruction

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29
Q

What are issued for widespread mountain obscurations

A

Airmets

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30
Q

Most aircraft accidents related to instrument weather involve pilots who

A

Are not instrument rated

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31
Q

Irregular motion of an aircraft in flight, especially when characterized by rapid up and down motion, caused by a rapid variation of atmospheric wind velocities

A

Aircraft turbulence

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32
Q

Turbulence is caused by what three things?

A

– Convective currents (convective)
– obstructions to Windflow (mechanical)
– windshear

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33
Q

Turbulent vertical motions that result from convective currents and the subsequent rising and sinking of air

A

Convective turbulence

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34
Q

When are convective currents the most active

A

On warm summer afternoon when winds are light

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35
Q

Turbulence caused by obstructions, such as trees, buildings, mountains etc.

A

Mechanical turbulence

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36
Q

Mechanical turbulence intensity is directly related to: (2)

A

Wind speed, roughness of the obstructions

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37
Q

An atmospheric wave disturbance formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountainous ridge

A

Mountain wave

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38
Q

Mountain waves develop _______ & _____ of mountains

A

Above and down wind

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39
Q

What type of turbulence do mountain waves frequently produce?

A

Severe to extreme

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40
Q

Mountain waves usually extend upward into the_____.

A

Lower stratosphere

41
Q

A change in windspeed and or wind direction in a short distance resulting in a shearing effect

A

Wind shear

42
Q

What are the three conditions of windshear

A

– Windshear with low level temperature inversion
-windshear with a frontal zone
– clear air turbulence associated with the jetstream

43
Q

What occurs:
-within the lowest few thousand feet above ground due to night time cooling
-along frontal zones
– when cold air is trapped in a valley

A

Temperature inversion

44
Q

The interface or transition zone between two air masses of different density

A

Frontal zone

45
Q

Where does clear air turbulence happen?

A

Higher altitude – 20,000 to 50,000 feet – cloud free regions

46
Q

How are jetstream CAT usually best avoided?

A

changing altitude a few thousand feet

47
Q

CAT frequency and intensity are _______during winter when jet streams are the_______.

A

Maximized, strongest

48
Q

What type of turbulence intensity?
Aircraft-momentarily causes slight erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude
Inside- occupants may feel a slight strain against seatbelts or shoulder straps. Unsecured objects may be displaced slightly. Little or no difficulty is encountered and walking

A

Light - LGT

49
Q

What type of turbulence intensity?
Aircraft-changes in altitude and/or attitude occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times. It usually causes variations in indicated airspeed
-Inside-definite strains against seatbelts or shoulder straps. Unsecured objects are dislodged. Food service and walking are difficult.

A

Moderate – MOD

50
Q

What type of turbulence intensity?
Aircraft- causes large, abrupt changes in altitude and/or attitude. It usually causes large variations in indicated airspeed. Aircraft maybe momentarily out of control.
-inside- fourth violently against seatbelts or shoulder straps. Unsecured objects are tossed about. Food service and walking are impossible

A

Severe – SEV

51
Q

What type of turbulence intensity?

Aircraft-violently tossed about and is practically impossible to control. It may cause structural damage.

A

Extreme – EXTRM

52
Q

A category of turbulence which causes rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in altitude or attitude. Maybe reported as light or moderate

A

Chop

53
Q

What type of turbulence momentarily causes slight erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude?

A

Light

54
Q

During what type of turbulence is the aircraft violently tossed about and practically impossible to control?

A

Extreme

55
Q

When the air is too dry for Cumuliform clouds to form, ________currents caused by uneven surface heating can still be active and caused turbulence.

A

Convective

56
Q

Which of the following clouds would provide visual proof that a mountain wave exist?

A

Rotor cloud

57
Q

What generates turbulence between two wind currents of differing wind directions and/or speeds?

A

Windshear

58
Q

A condition of the atmosphere that reduces an aircraft performance capability below a level of standard performance at a specified altitude

A

High density altitude

59
Q

What are the three types of icing?

A

Rome, clear or glaze, mixed

60
Q

Rough, milky, Opaque ice formed by the instantaneous freezing of a small supercooled water droplets after they strike the aircraft.

A

Rime Icing

61
Q

What type of icing is the most common, but least serious type

A

Rime icing

62
Q

A glossy, clear, or translucent ice formed by the relatively slow freezing of large supercooled water droplets

A

Clear ice

63
Q

What type of ice is more hazardous then rime icing?

A

Clear ice/glaze ice

64
Q

A mixture of clear ice and Rime ice

A

Mixed ice

65
Q

mixed icing combines the dangerous effects of what two other icing conditions

A

Clear and rime

66
Q

Ice intensity
-ice becomes perceptible. Rate of accumulation slightly greater than sublimation. Deicing/anti-icing equipment is not utilized unless encountered for an extended period of time – over one hour

A

Trace- TRACE

67
Q

Ice intensity
-rate of accumulation may create a problem if flight is prolonged in this environment – over one hour – occasional use of the icing/anti-icing equipment removes/prevents accumulation. Does not present a problem if the deicing flash and I seen equipment is used

A

Light – LGT

68
Q

Ice intensity
-rate of accumulation is such that even short and counters become potentially hazardous and use of deicing/anti-icing equipment or flight diversion is necessary.

A

Moderate – MOD

69
Q

Ice intensity
- rate of accumulation is such that deicing/anti-icing equipment fails to reduce or control the hazard. Immediate flight diversion is necessary

A

Severe – SEV

70
Q

Liquid water at temperatures below the freezing point, 0°C

A

Super cooled water

71
Q

Droplets of supercooled water often exist in _____&____clouds

A

Stratiform and cumulus

72
Q

Commercial jets or less vulnerable to icing due to tendency to Cruise at ______altitude we’re temperatures are typically too cold for icing ______Celsius

A

Higher altitude’s, < then -40°C

73
Q

Light turbo props are more susceptible to icing, typically they fly at _____altitudes were temperatures often _____

A

Lower, support icing

0to -20 degrees Celsius

74
Q

Hi density altitude ______and Aircrafts power and thrust

A

Reduces

75
Q

Although ______is the most common type of icing, it is the least serious because it is easier to remove

A

Rime

76
Q

With ______ice, the rate of accumulation may create a problem if flight is prolonged over one hour. Occasional use of deicing/anti-icing equipment removed/prevents accumulation.

A

Light

77
Q

Aircraft Icing potential is not dependent upon ______.

A

Pilot rating

78
Q

Which adverse effect of structural icing is least significant to an aircraft

A

Increased weight

79
Q

A storm produced by a Cumulus Nimbus cloud, always accompanied by lightning and thunder, usually with strong gusts of wind, heavy rain, and sometimes with Hale

A

Thunderstorm

80
Q

What are the three ingredients a thunderstorm cell formation requires?

A

– Sufficient water vapor
– unstable air
– lifting mechanism strong enough to release the instability

81
Q

The convective cell of a Cumulus Nimbus cloud having lightning and thunder.

A

Thunderstorm cell

82
Q

What are the three distinct stages a thunderstorm cell undergoes

A

Towering cumulus stage
– mature stage
– dissipating stage

83
Q

During the towering cumulus stage, updraft speeds of greater than ______feet per minute exceed the climbing capability of most aircraft

A

3,000

84
Q

Precipitation downdraft it reaches the surface, leading edge of downdraft air is called a gust front, weather hazards reach peak intensity. Which stage of a thunderstorm cell is this?

A

Mature stage

85
Q

Total lifecycle of a thunderstorm cell is typically about how many minutes?

A

30

86
Q

A strong down draft which and this is an outburst of damaging winds on my near the ground. Damaging winds, either straight or curved, are highly divergent. The sizes of downburst very from 1/2 mile or less to more than 10 miles. And intense downburst often causes widespread damage. Damaging winds, lasting 5 to 30 minutes, could reach speeds as high as 120 kn

A

Down burst

87
Q

A downburst that covers an area up to 2.5 miles along a side with peak winds as high as 150 kn that lasts 2 to 5 minutes

A

Microburst

88
Q

A down burst that covers an area greater than 2 1/2 miles up to 10 miles along a side with peak winds as high as 120 kn that last 5 to 30 minutes

A

Macro burst

89
Q

What are the three stages of a downburst life cycle?

A

Formation, impact, dissipation

90
Q

What are the three systems the FAA has installed to warn controllers and pilots of microburst, windshear, and gust fronts

A

– Low-level windshear alert system – LLWAS
– terminal Doppler weather radar – TDWR
– Airport surveillance radar – ASR /– weather system processor – WSP

91
Q

Detect surface windshear through the use of up to 32 remote wind sensors situated around an airport

A

Low-level windshear alert system – LLWAS

92
Q

Specialized weather radar is used to detect microburst, gust Fronts, and convective storms along arrival and departure paths.

A

Terminal Doppler weather radar – TDWR

93
Q

Enhanced weather process for the ASR–9 air traffic control radar that includes Doppler wind estimation for the detection of low level windshear

A

Airport surveillance radar – ASR

weather system processor -WSP

94
Q

Thunderstorm cell formation requires ________,unstable air, and lift

A

Water vapor

95
Q

It may be impossible to recover from _______encountered at low altitude

A

A microburst

96
Q

A windshear of 10 kn or more per 100 feet in a layer more than 200 feet thick which occurs within 2000 feet of the surface

A

Low-level windshear – LLWS

97
Q

Windshear is especially dangerous when it is encountered ________.

A

During takeoff and landing

98
Q

While an aircraft is on approach, and shear from a tailwind to a headwind causes airspeed to ______,the nose to pitch _____, and the aircraft to _____, the glideslope

A

Increase, up, rise upward above

99
Q

While an aircraft is on approach, and shear from a headwind to a tailwind causes airspeed to ____, the nose to pitch _____, and the aircraft to _____, the glideslope

A

Decrease, down, drop below

Block 4 (3 decks)

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