2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning

Question 1

Inorganic Compound

Answer 1

a substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen (ex. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 2

a substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen (ex. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 2

Inorganic Compound

Question 3

The Three Groups of Inorganic Compounds

Answer 3

water, salts, acids & bases

Question 4

water, salts, acids & bases

Answer 4

The Three Groups of Inorganic Compounds

Question 5

Water as a Component of Liquid Mixtures

Answer 5

solutions, colloids, and suspensions are the three types of liquid mixtures, having water as a key component

Question 6

solutions, colloids, and suspensions are the three types of liquid mixtures, having water as a key component

Answer 6

Water as a Component of Liquid Mixtures

Question 7

Solution

Answer 7

consists of a solvent that dissolves a substance called a solute

Question 8

consists of a solvent that dissolves a substance called a solute

Answer 8

Solution

Question 9

Colloid

Answer 9

liquid mixture in which the solute particles consist of clumps of molecules large enough to scatter light

Question 10

liquid mixture in which the solute particles consist of clumps of molecules large enough to scatter light

Answer 10

Colloid

Question 11

suspension

Answer 11

liquid mixture in which a heavier substance is suspended temporarily in a liquid, but over time, settles out

Question 12

liquid mixture in which a heavier substance is suspended temporarily in a liquid, but over time, settles out

Answer 12

suspension

Question 13

Water as a Lubricant

Answer 13

lubricates the actions of body joints, helps the lungs expand and recoil with breathing, keep food flowing through the digestive tract, and ensure that the movement of adjacent abdominal organs is friction free

Question 14

lubricates the actions of body joints, helps the lungs expand and recoil with breathing, keep food flowing through the digestive tract, and ensure that the movement of adjacent abdominal organs is friction free

Answer 14

Water as a Lubricant

Question 15

Water as a Cushion

Answer 15

protects cells and organs from physical trauma, cushions the brain within the skull, protecting the delicate nerve tissue of the eyes, and cushions a developing fetus in the mother’s womb

Question 16

protects cells and organs from physical trauma, cushions the brain within the skull, protecting the delicate nerve tissue of the eyes, and cushions a developing fetus in the mother’s womb

Answer 16

Water as a Cushion

Question 17

Water as a Heat Sink

Answer 17

water absorbs the heat generated by chemical reactions without greatly increasing in temperature

Question 18

water absorbs the heat generated by chemical reactions without greatly increasing in temperature

Answer 18

Water as a Heat Sink

Question 19

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 19

one reactant gives up an atom of hydrogen and another reactant gives up a hydroxyl group (OH) in the synthesis of a new product. In the formation of their covalent bond, a molecule of water is released as a byproduct. This is also sometimes referred to as a condensation reaction.

Question 20

one reactant gives up an atom of hydrogen and another reactant gives up a hydroxyl group (OH) in the synthesis of a new product. In the formation of their covalent bond, a molecule of water is released as a byproduct. This is also sometimes referred to as a condensation reaction.

Answer 20

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 21

Hydrolysis

Answer 21

a molecule of water disrupts a compound, breaking its bonds. The water is then split into H and OH. One portion of the severed compound then bonds with the hydrogen atom, and the other portion bonds with the hydroxyl group.

Question 22

a molecule of water disrupts a compound, breaking its bonds. The water is then split into H and OH. One portion of the severed compound then bonds with the hydrogen atom, and the other portion bonds with the hydroxyl group.

Answer 22

Hydrolysis

Question 23

Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis Reference

Question 24

Importance of Salt in the Body

Answer 24

salts dissociate into ions. These ions are electrolytes that conduct an electrical current in solution and is critical to the function of ions in transmitting nerve impulses and prompting muscle contraction.

Question 25

Dissociation of Sodium Chloride in Water Reference

Answer 25

Question 26

Acids

Answer 26

compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Question 27

compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Answer 27

Acids

Question 28

Bases

Answer 28

compound that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Question 29

compound that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Answer 29

Bases

Question 30

Acids and Bases Reference

Answer 30

Question 31

pH

Answer 31

the negative, base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of the solution

Question 32

the negative, base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of the solution

Answer 32

pH

Question 33

Acidic

Answer 33

the lower the number below 7, the more acidic the solution, or the greater the concentration of H+

Question 34

the lower the number below 7, the more acidic the solution, or the greater the concentration of H+

Answer 34

Acidic

Question 35

Basic (Alkaline)

Answer 35

the higher the number above 7, the more basic (alkaline) the solution, or the lower the concentration of H+

Question 36

the higher the number above 7, the more basic (alkaline) the solution, or the lower the concentration of H+

Answer 36

Basic (Alkaline)

Question 37

Buffers

Answer 37

a solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base. A buffer can neutralize small amounts of acids or bases in body fluids

Question 38

a solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base. A buffer can neutralize small amounts of acids or bases in body fluids

Answer 38

Buffers