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UNE - Anatomy & Physiology I > 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles > Flashcards

3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Cytosol

A

the jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions

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2
Q

the jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

Organelle (“little organ”)

A

one of several different types of membrane-enclosed bodies in the cell, each performing a unique function

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4
Q

one of several different types of membrane-enclosed bodies in the cell, each performing a unique function

A

Organelle (“little organ”)

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

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6
Q

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Prototypical Human Cell Reference

A
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8
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively)

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9
Q

cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively)

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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10
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Reference

A
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11
Q

Ribosome

A

an organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis

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12
Q

an organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

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13
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER, much like a post-office

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14
Q

responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER, much like a post-office

A

Golgi Apparatus

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15
Q

Golgi Apparatus Reference

A
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16
Q

Lysosome

A

membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes

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17
Q

membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes

A

Lysosome

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18
Q

Autophagy (“self-eating”)

A

lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components

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19
Q

lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components

A

Autophagy (“self-eating”)

20
Q

Autolysis

A

breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action

21
Q

breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action

A

Autolysis

22
Q

Mitochondria

A

a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the “energy transformer” of the cell

23
Q

a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the “energy transformer” of the cell

A

Mitochondria

24
Q

Mitochondria Reference

A
25
Q

Peroxisomes

A

a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes

26
Q

a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes

A

Peroxisomes

27
Q

Peroxisomes Reference

A
28
Q

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

A

a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage

29
Q

a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage

A

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

30
Q

Mutation

A

a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell’s DNA, potentially altering the protein coded by that gene

31
Q

a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell’s DNA, potentially altering the protein coded by that gene

A

Mutation

32
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

“skeleton” of a cell; formed by rod-like proteins that support the cell’s shape and provide, among other functions, locomotive abilities

33
Q

“skeleton” of a cell; formed by rod-like proteins that support the cell’s shape and provide, among other functions, locomotive abilities

A

Cytoskeleton

34
Q

microtubule

A

the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support

35
Q

the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support

A

microtubule

36
Q

Cilia

A

found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system

37
Q

found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system

A

Cilia

38
Q

Flagellum

A

appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement

39
Q

appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement

A

Flagellum

40
Q

The Three Components of the Cytoskeleton Reference

A
41
Q

Centriole

A

small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division

42
Q

small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division

A

Centriole

43
Q

Microfilament

A

a thinner type of cytoskeletal filament

44
Q

a thinner type of cytoskeletal filament

A

Microfilament

45
Q

Intermediate Filament

A

a filament intermediate in thickness between the microtubules and microfilaments

46
Q

a filament intermediate in thickness between the microtubules and microfilaments

A

Intermediate Filament

UNE - Anatomy & Physiology I (11 decks)

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