2.4 Projectile Motion Flashcards by Stephanie Geary

What are examples of projectiles mentioned in the text?

Golf balls, footballs, tennis balls

These objects are considered projectiles due to their motion through the air.

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What relationship is mentioned regarding throwing a ball?

There is a relationship between the distance you can throw a ball and the angle of loft

This implies that the angle at which a projectile is launched affects its range.

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What will you learn about in the section on projectile motion?

The theory behind projectile motion and how to calculate values for throwing or hitting targets

This includes understanding the factors that influence a projectile’s trajectory.

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Fill in the blank: Sports are really ______ in action.

science experiments

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What factors affect the trajectory of a projectile?

Angle of loft, initial velocity, air resistance

These factors are crucial for understanding how projectiles move and land.

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True or False: The angle of loft has no effect on the distance a ball can be thrown.

False

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What is the purpose of the next QuickLab mentioned in the text?

To discover what factors affect the trajectory of a projectile

This suggests a hands-on learning approach to understanding projectile motion.

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What is the parabolic path of a projectile called?

trajectory

The trajectory describes the curved path followed by a projectile in motion.

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Who studied projectiles and their motion?

Galileo

Galileo’s work laid the foundation for understanding projectile motion.

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What does the trajectory of a projectile depend on?

initial velocity
acceleration due to gravity

The initial velocity includes both speed and direction of the projectile.

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In analyzing projectile motion, which components must be considered separately?

horizontal (x direction)
vertical (y direction)

Separating these components helps in understanding the overall motion of the projectile.

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Fill in the blank: The motion of a projectile, neglecting air resistance, follows the curved path of a _______.

parabola

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True or False: The shape of a projectile’s trajectory is independent of its initial speed and direction.

False

The initial speed and direction significantly influence the trajectory.

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What does gravity affect in projectile motion?

Gravity influences the vertical motion of a projectile by accelerating it downward

Gravity does not affect the horizontal motion of a projectile

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How are the horizontal and vertical components of a projectile’s motion classified?

The two components can be considered independently

Horizontal motion is uniform, while vertical motion is uniformly accelerated

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What type of motion does a projectile experience horizontally?

Uniform motion

The projectile’s horizontal velocity component is constant

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What type of motion does a projectile experience vertically?

Uniformly accelerated motion

The object’s acceleration is due to gravity, approximately 9.81 m/s² downward

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What is the acceleration due to gravity?

9.81 m/s² downward

This value is used when neglecting friction

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Fill in the blank: The horizontal motion of a projectile is an example of _______.

uniform motion

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Fill in the blank: The vertical motion of a projectile is an example of _______.

uniformly accelerated motion

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True or False: The horizontal and vertical components of a projectile’s motion affect each other.

False

They are independent of one another

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What happens to a projectile’s velocity upon launch?

It accelerates from rest to a velocity with x and y components

This occurs for a fraction of a second during launch

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In a table, how would you classify the horizontal and vertical components of velocity for a horizontally launched projectile?

Horizontal: uniform; Vertical: non-uniform

This classification is based on the nature of motion

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What is the example used to illustrate projectile motion?

Flicking a penny off a flat, horizontal surface to land on a target

This example combines elements of shuffleboard and darts

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What type of motion does an object launched horizontally experience?

Uniform horizontal motion and uniformly accelerated vertical motion

What path does a penny follow once it leaves the tabletop?

A parabolic path toward the ground

What causes the velocity of an object falling straight down to have no horizontal velocity component?

The object is falling straight down

What is the initial vertical velocity of a projectile in this context?

Zero

What is the distance called that a projectile travels horizontally from its initial launch point?

Projectile's range

What happens to the velocity component in the y direction of a projectile?

It increases because of the acceleration due to gravity

What remains constant in the x component of a projectile's motion?

It remains the same

What type of path is produced by the combined horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile?

Parabolic path

What factors affecting projectile motion in the horizontal direction are often neglected?

Air resistance and friction

What causes a projectile to finally stop?

The influence of external forces such as air resistance or impact with the ground

If a projectile's initial velocity had a vertical component, would its path still be parabolic?

Yes

For a projectile to have a non-zero velocity component in the vertical direction, what must happen?

The object must be thrown up, down, or at an angle relative to the horizontal

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the distance a projectile travels horizontally over level ground.

range

What should you do before solving a projectile motion problem?

Review what you already know

In projectile motion, what type of velocity is given to the projectile in Figure 2.67(a)?

Initial horizontal velocity

What components are represented in the horizontal direction for projectile motion?

M,sin e, M,cos @

In Figure 2.67(b), what two types of velocities are given to the projectile?

Initial horizontal velocity and upward vertical velocity

What components are represented in Figure 2.67(b) for projectile motion?

MCos, sin 0

In Figure 2.67(c), what types of velocities are given to the projectile?

Initial horizontal velocity and downward vertical velocity

What is the acceleration in the direction of motion when there is no acceleration?

a = 0

Fill in the blank: In projectile motion problems, if there is no acceleration in a direction, then _______.

a = 0

What is the acceleration in the X direction?

a = 0 ## Footnote The projectile undergoes uniform motion in the X direction.

How can the initial x component of the velocity be determined?

Using trigonometry, e.g., V = VcOs ## Footnote This refers to the relationship between the velocity and the angle in projectile motion.

What is the range of a projectile denoted as?

Ad ## Footnote 'Ad' represents the horizontal distance covered by the projectile.

What is the acceleration due to gravity in the Y direction?

a = -9.81 m/s² ## Footnote This indicates that the acceleration is directed downwards.

How can the y component of the initial velocity be determined?

Using trigonometry, e.g., v = Vsin(θ) ## Footnote Here, θ is the angle of projection.

What is the displacement in the Y direction denoted as?

Ad,y ## Footnote 'Ad,y' represents the vertical distance covered by the projectile.

What is the relationship between time in the X and Y directions?

Time (Δt) is the same in both the X and Y directions ## Footnote This indicates that both components of motion are simultaneous.

In the Y direction, can velocity be positive or negative?

Yes, depending on the direction of v ## Footnote Velocity is positive when moving upwards and negative when moving downwards.

What does 'Ad' represent in the context of projectile motion?

It represents horizontal displacement ## Footnote 'Ad' is used to denote the distance traveled in the X direction.

What is the formula for the relationship between displacement, velocity, and time?

Ad = v * t ## Footnote This formula applies to both horizontal and vertical components of motion.

What is the primary focus of baseball in relation to physics?

Baseball is all about projectile motion. ## Footnote This involves the trajectory of the baseball when thrown, hit, or caught.

What are the two components of velocity for objects launched at an angle?

Horizontal and vertical components. ## Footnote These components are essential for analyzing projectile motion.

What trigonometric ratios are used to resolve a vector quantity into its components?

R, R cos θ, and R sin θ. ## Footnote Here, θ is measured relative to the x-axis.

What is the formula for the horizontal component of velocity?

v_x = v cos θ. ## Footnote This equation helps calculate how fast the object moves horizontally.

What is the formula for the vertical component of velocity?

v_y = v sin θ. ## Footnote This equation helps determine the vertical motion of the object.

How does the motion in the horizontal direction behave for objects launched at an angle?

The object experiences uniform motion. ## Footnote This means it moves at a constant speed without acceleration.

What type of motion does the object experience in the vertical direction?

Uniformly accelerated motion. ## Footnote This occurs due to the influence of gravity.

What general equation applies to objects launched at an angle?

d = d_0 + v_0 t + 0.5 a t^2. ## Footnote This equation accounts for initial position, velocity, time, and acceleration.

True or False: Winning a baseball game depends on accurately predicting the components of initial velocity.

True. ## Footnote Accurate predictions are crucial for successful throws and hits.

Fill in the blank: If a player miscalculates the angle or speed of a throw, the action _______.

fails. ## Footnote This can lead to wild pitches, strikeouts, and overthrows.

What is the first step to solve problems involving projectiles?

Resolve the motion into its components using trigonometric functions ## Footnote This step is crucial for analyzing the separate effects of horizontal and vertical motion.

How are perpendicular components of motion characterized?

They are independent of one another ## Footnote This independence means that changes in one direction do not affect the other direction.

What is the equation for horizontal motion of a projectile?

Ad + VAt ## Footnote This equation describes uniform motion in the horizontal direction.

What type of motion does vertical motion of a projectile represent?

Uniformly accelerated motion ## Footnote The acceleration in vertical motion is due to gravity, approximately 9.81 m/s² down.

What shape describes a projectile's path?

Parabola ## Footnote This parabolic trajectory results from the combination of horizontal uniform motion and vertical accelerated motion.

When is a projectile's vertical velocity greatest?

At the instant of launch and just before impact ## Footnote The vertical velocity reaches zero at maximum height.

At what point does a projectile's vertical velocity equal zero?

At maximum height ## Footnote This is the apex of the projectile's path where it momentarily stops rising before falling.

2.4 Projectile Motion Flashcards

(72 cards)