24 Speech/Language Flashcards
Define phoneme?
distinct sound that contrasts others (consonants and vowels).
define dysphonia?
altered volume
Define spastic dysarthria? Where would a lesion have to occur for it to happen?
harsh strained-strangled voice with weakness and spastic muscle and hyperreflexia. Only caused by UMN lesions (stroke/MS)
Where would a lesions be in an ataxic dysarthria?
cerebellum or cerebellar efferents (alzheimers)
Where would a hypokinetic dysarthria lesion be?
basal ganglia or striatonigral-thalamo-cortical pathway (parkinsons)
Where would a lesion occur for hyperkinetic dysarthria?
basal ganglia, subcortical motor pathway (huntingtons or spinocerebellar atrophies)
Define prosody.
tone, inflection, volume that add meaning
define semantics.
interpretation of a word (language lexicon)
Which hemisphere is dominant in language?
depends on dominance but most are right handed so most are left hemisphere dominant.
What is brodmann number for Wernicke?
22
What is brodman area for broca?
44,45
Is broca’s anterior or posterior to wernickes?
anterior (more towards front of brain). Think alphabetical order.
What is broca aphasia?
expressive or motor aphasia. comprehension intact
What is wernicke aphasia?
receptive or sensory aphasia. Fluent speech, difficulty comprehending words. Produces nonsensical words/phrases.
What is conduction aphasia?
dificulty repeating words. Both comprehension and production of language are intact.
If lexical and syntacitc language lies in left hemisphere, where does emotional coloring of language occur (prosody)?
right hemisphere.
What is transcortical motor aphasia?
similar to broca’s except subjects CAN repeat.
Lesion in left anterior frontal lobe.
What is transcortical sensory aphasia?
similar to wernickes except subjects CAN repeat.
Lesion in border zone betweeen left middle cerebral and posteiror cerebral arteries.
Also severe Hypotension.
What is Gertstmann syndrome?
anomia, alexia, agraphia, right-left disorient, acalculia, finger agnosia, lesion in left angular gyrus (39)
How would someone be able to write but not read?
lesion in left medial occipital and medial temporal lobe involving spenium of corpus callosum. Caused by occlusion of left posterior cerebral artery.
dubbed alexia without agraphia.
patient is fluent, does not comprehend, and does not repeat. Diagnose.
Wernicke’s
Patient is fluent, does not comprehend, but can repeat. Diagnose.
transcortical sensory aphasia
What is anomic aphasia?
poorly defined but patient has naming difficulty. Lesion can be anywhere in language area. Patient is fluent, comprehends and can repeat.
Patient is fluent, comprehends but can’t repeat. diagnose.
conduction aphasia
