Lecture 9 - Finding Food At Sea Flashcards

0
Q

What is a major problem for warm blooded animals in oceans?

A

Heat loss

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1
Q

How much denser is water than air?

A

800 x

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2
Q

What are Reynold’s numbers?

A

Inertia /viscosity

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3
Q

What problem does as oceanic habitat pose for large animals?

A

Inertia is high therefore a lot of effort is required to get moving

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4
Q

What is a problem of an oceanic environment for small animals?

A

Viscosity is high

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5
Q

What poses a significant disadvantage of predation in marine environments opposed to terrestrial environments?

A

The ocean is a 3D environment were as on land most predator/prey can only move in one plane, sometimes 2

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6
Q

What are the layers of the ocean?

A
Epipelagic zone
Mesopelagic zone
Bathypelagic zone
Abyssopelagic zone
Hadalpelagic zone
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7
Q

What is a problem for vision in the ocean?

A

Loose both quantity and quality of light as descend, as well as shifting the blue. Only 1% remains at 100m

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8
Q

What is difficult about harvesting primary producers in the ocean?

A

They are clustered and shift temporally

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9
Q

Outline the basic oceanic food web

A

Phytoplankton –> zooplankton –> benthic invertebrates/ benthic fish / pelagic fish

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10
Q

Give an example of a diatom

A

Thalassionema nitzschoides it is phytoplankton

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11
Q

Give an example of a flagellate

A

Ceratium tripos they are all phytoplankton

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12
Q

What do herbivorous oceanic species feed on?

A

Phytoplankton they are normally zooplankton

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13
Q

Give an example of a herbivorous oceanic species

A

Calanus ferimorchians

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14
Q

Give an example of a carnivorous aquatic copepod

A

Pereuchaeta norvegica

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15
Q

What is krill?

A

Small shrimp like animals

16
Q

Why does the antarctic have a diverse oceanic ecosystem?

A

24 hour daylight can sustain large volumes of phytoplankton

17
Q

What are the movements of phytoplankton dependent upon?

A

The currents due to drifting nutrient sources

18
Q

What clade are whales in?

A

Cetartiodactyla

19
Q

What order are the whales?

A

Cetacea

20
Q

What are the two whale sub orders?

A

Odontoceti (toothed whales)

Mysticeti (baleen whales)

21
Q

What are toothed whales?

A

Odontoceti

22
Q

What are baleen whales?

A

Mysticeti

23
Q

What are the classes of odontoceti?

A
Platanistidae (river dolphins)
Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
Physeteridae (sperm whales)
Monodontidae (beluga and narwhals)
Delphinidae (dolphins, orcas and porpoises)
24
Q

What is the diet of river dolphins?

A

Squid and fish

25
Q

What is the diet of sperm whales?

A

Almost exclusively squid

26
Q

What is the diet of delphinidae?

A

Fish

27
Q

How have Orcas adapted to hunt schools of herring?

A

They move in synchronised groups to herd the herring to the surface therefore creating a 2D environment

28
Q

How have humpback whales adapted to feed on schools of fish?

A

Bubble netting condenses the fish

29
Q

What are the classes of mysticeti?

A

Eschrichtidae (gray whales)
Balenopteridae ( blue, humpback and finback whales)
Balaenidae (right whales)