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Block 5 Week 5 Dani > Review of autonomics and hypothalamus > Flashcards

Review of autonomics and hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

blood flow to the skin as a (blank) reflex

A

local

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2
Q

A hot compress on a small area of skin causes local (blank) and (blank)

A

vasodilation and sweating

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3
Q

The reflex contraction of the bladder in response to stretch is another example of a (blank) reflex

A

local

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4
Q

The (blank) is a prominent intermediary for many local reflexes.

A

nucleus solitarius

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5
Q

What can exert its influences by way of direct connections to preganglionic neurons or through other brainstem reticular nuclei?

A

nucleus solitarious

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6
Q

What kidn of effects can the nucleus solitarious have?

A

hormonal and behavioral responses through the brainstem or visceral motor responses through the preganglionic neurons

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7
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

receives input about the state of th ebody and reads thinks like body temp, levels of fatty acids and glucose, length of day, and levels of circulating hormones.

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8
Q

The hypothalamus, after receiving info about temp, FA, glucose, hormones, what does it do with this info?

A

has both direct and indirect connections to motor neurons by way of neural and humoral pathways

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9
Q

What happens if you cut the descending tract of the hypothalamus and reticular formation?

A

you get unregulated autonomic reflex

autonomic dysreflexia/hypereflexia, neurogenic bladder, hyperthermia

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10
Q

How do you get bladder contraction and voiding?

A

hypothalamus-> midbrain PAG-> pontine micturation center-> parasympathetics and somatic motor neurons

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11
Q

Are paraysmpathetics cholinergic or adrenergic?

A

cholinergic

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12
Q

Are preganglionic sympathetics cholinergic and adrenergic?

A

cholinergic

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13
Q

Are postganglionic sympathetics with the exception of sweat glands are (blank).

A

adrenergic

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14
Q

Massive response as seen in elevated body temp is via (blank)

A

cortical control (all preganglionic involved in sweating and vasodilation will be involved)

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15
Q

If you cut all cortical control to the bladder, will the bladder still contract?

A

yes via the local reflex (neurogenic reflex of bladder)

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16
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves have a lot of input to the nucleus solitarius?

A

CN 9 and CN 10

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17
Q

What is the pathway that runs from the brainstem to the cortex and is it myelinated?

A

medial forebrain bundles

it is unmyelinated and does NOT go to thalamus

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18
Q

What is associated with control of autonomics and uses monoamines as NT’s (dopamine, serotonin etc.)?

A

medial forebrain bundles

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19
Q

What is the reflex pathway for viscera?

A

visceral sensory input to preganglionic neurons

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20
Q

In order to reach the cortex, the nucleus solitarius must communicate to the (blank) or (blank)

A

hypothalamus

parabrachial nucles

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21
Q

WHat will happen to your bladder if you lose your cortex?

A

bladder will still contract but not at right time

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22
Q

What will happen to your bladder if you lose the hypothalamus?

A

bladder will contract but will be activated by ANY stretch

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23
Q

What will happen to your bladder if you have a lesion at the lower center (LMN)?

A

the bladder will no longer contract (flaccid atonic bladder) and will cause retention and at some point the bladder will have so much pressure that their will be dribbling

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24
Q

Damage to UMN results in (blank) bladder. Damage to LMN results in (blank) bladder.

A

reflexive (spastic)

flaccid or atonic

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25
Q

What are the three afferents to the hypothalamus?

A

hippocampus, amygdala, brainstem

26
Q

What is involved in the consolidation of memories?

A

fornix, hippocampus and mammilary bodies.

27
Q

What gives affarents to the fornix to the mamillary bodies?

A

hippocampus

28
Q

How does the amygdala transmit its affarents to the hypothalamus?

A

via the stria terminalis which passes up behing the thalamus and goes to the anterior nuclear group of the hypothalamus

29
Q

How does the cortex and brainstem send afferents to the hypothalamus?

A

Via the MFB
a birdirectional pathway that runs from brainstem through the hypothalamus to the medial and frontal cortex
(MOST IMPORTANT)

30
Q

What is significant about the MFB?

A

it can bypass the thalamus

31
Q

The hypothalamus sends infrmation to the cortex via (blank) main bundles.

A

3

32
Q

What are the three main bundles from the hypothalamus to the cortex (efferents) and are they bidirectional?

A

the fornix (bidirectional)
MFB (bidirectional)
mammillothalamic (hippocampus to thalamus)

33
Q

T/F

the hypothalamus has direct connections to the brainstem and spinal cord

A

T

34
Q

How can the hypothalamus be divided?

A

into perivetricular, medial and lateral zones

35
Q

What separates the medial and lateral zones of the thalamus?

A

the fornix

36
Q

What does the medial zones of the hypothalamus contain?

A

well definied nuclei

37
Q

What does the lateral zones of the hypothalamus contain?

A

large fiber bundles and the MFB

38
Q

The (blank) is massive and comes from brainstem reticular formation and passes through the hypothalamus on the way to prefrontal cortical areas.

A

MFB

39
Q

What does the MFB allow for?

A

the hypothalamus to influence cortical outputs

40
Q

What are the there zones that the hypothalamus can be divided into from rostral to caudal?

A

optic chiasm
stalk of pituitary
mammillary bodies

41
Q

(blank) and (blank) nuclei have neurons that have axons that go down into posterior pituitary and release oxytocin and ADH

A

paraventricular nuclei and supraoptic nuclei

42
Q

(blank) nucleus plays a role in circadian rhythm

A

suprachiasmic

43
Q

Lateral to the hypothalamic sulcus are more nuclei where (blank) passes through and is involved with regulating temperation

A

MFB

44
Q

If you have legion in the lateral part of the supraoptic region what will happen?

A

loss of heat dissipation

45
Q

The (blank) region is just behind the stalk of the pituitary showing the location of the arcute nucleus as part of the periventricular group

A

tuberal region

46
Q

What does the tuberal region of the hypothalamus function in?

A

control in releasing factors an thus in control of the anterior pituitary

47
Q

The (blank) nucleus is the main area for the production of releasing factors.

A

arcuate nucleus

48
Q

The (blank) nucleus is considered to be a satiety center .

A

ventromedial nucleus

49
Q

The (blank) area can be thought of as a hunger center.

A

lateral hypothalamic

50
Q

The interactions between what 2 things is thought to regulate body weight and the set point theory of weight control?

A

ventromedial nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area

51
Q

Lesions in the lateral hypothalamic area and ventromedial nucleus creates what problem?

A

major changes in levels of aggression

52
Q

What is the mammillary nucleus involved in?

A

consolidation of memory

53
Q

What does the posterior nucleus do?

A

temp. regulation, and heat production

54
Q

Lateral part of hypothalamus does what for heat? posterior nucleus of hypothalamus does what for heat?

A

dissipates heat

makes heat

55
Q

What part of the brain is linked to korsakoffs?

A

mammillary bodies

56
Q

Animals with lesions in this area become hypothermic when they are placed in a room where the temp. isn’t controlled.
What area am i referring to?

A

the posterior nucleus

57
Q

(blank) nucleus of the hypothalamus connects to motor neurons and preganglionics-> for shivering response and vasoconstriction of blood vessles does this by direct paths to (blank)

A

posterior nuclei

spinal cord

58
Q

What do you find in the supraoptic area of the hypothalamus?

A 
hypothalamic sulcus
CN III
praventricular nucleus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
supraoptic nucleus
optic chiasm
59
Q

What do you find in the tuberal region?

A

medial and lateral hypothalamic region
Medial-> MFB, Ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, fornix
Lateral-> MFB and fornix

60
Q

What do you find in the mamillary area??

A

mammillary nuclei, CN III, fornix

and posterior nucleus

Block 5 Week 5 Dani (9 decks)

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