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Microbiology (bacteria) > spirochetes > Flashcards

spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

spirochete morphology and structure

A
  • elongated, flexible, motile
  • spirally wound flagella anchored at poles
  • binary fission
  • gram-negative
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2
Q

three groups of spirochetes

A
  • treponema
  • borrelia
  • leptospira
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3
Q

diseases caused by treponema

A
  • syphilis
  • yaws
  • pinta
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4
Q

diseases caused by borrelia

A
  • relapsing fever

- Lyme Disease

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5
Q

diseases caused by leptospira

A

leptospirosis

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6
Q

how can treponema pallidum be viewed?

A
  • too small for gram stain
  • darkfield microscopy
  • immunofluorescence
  • silver salts
  • electron microscopy
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7
Q

treponema pallidum storage and culture

A
  • can not be grown in culture
  • can be kept alive in rich media under anaerobic condition
  • survive in blood 24 hours
  • survive in tissue for several days
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8
Q

treponema pallidum transmission

A
  • direct contact of genitalia/mucous membranes
  • not transmissible in late stages
  • mother to fetus (congenital syphilis), still birth, abortion
  • rare: transfusion, or contact
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9
Q

treponema pallidum pathogenesis

A
  • incubation 2-6 weeks but bacteria present and replicating
  • primary lesion - 1-4 weeks after infection on genitalia
  • secondary lesion - after dissemination, generalized skin rash 2-20 weeks post primary lesion
  • tertiary lesion - late in disease many years after infection in CNS, rubbery, called “gumma”
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10
Q

treponema pallidum diagnosis

A
  • pathogenic signs
  • history of exposure
  • organisms in lesion
  • positive tests
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11
Q

treponema pallidum tests

A
  • nonspecific (VDRL, flocculation)
  • FTA-ABS
  • micro hemagglutination test
  • ELISA
  • TPI
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12
Q

syphilis false positives and negatives

A
  • may read positive in presence of mono or malaria
  • ## VDRL has more false results than FTA-ABS
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13
Q

what test is specifically not used for treponema pallidum?

A

PCR - no specific primers at diagnostic level

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14
Q

antibiotics for treponema pallidum

A
  • very sensitive to penicillin

- tetracycline, erythromycin

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15
Q

vaccine for treponema pallidum?

A

no vaccine

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16
Q

Yaws, cause and description

A
  • Treponema pertenue
  • non-venereal, only through open sores
  • often in children
  • patients show positive syphilis test
  • no placental transmission
  • primary lesion resembles raspberry (yaws)
17
Q

Bejel, cause and description

A
  • Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum
  • similar to yaws
  • children in Syria
  • treat with penicillin
18
Q

Pinta, cause and description

A
  • Treponema carateum
  • central and south america
  • flat, non-ulcerating skin lesions of hands, feet, scalp, leaving depigmented areas after healing
  • treat with penicillin
19
Q

Lyme disease reservoir and vector

A
  • white footed mouse reservoir

- deer tick vector

20
Q

relapsing fever pathogenesis

A
  • several Borrelia spirochete species

- fever 4-5 days, afebrile 7-10 days, then recurrence and disappearance of fever again. 3-10 relapses total.

21
Q

Lyme Disease caused by:

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

22
Q

Lyme Disease pathogenesis

A

stage one: papule with expanding erythema 3-14 days after bite, fever, headache, stiff neck, malaise
stage two: neurologic and cardiac involvement
stage three: migrating arthritis weeks to months after bite

23
Q

Lyme disease diagnosis:

A
  • difficult to isolate organism
  • clinical diagnosis mostly
  • ELISA test to detect antibodies against B. burgdorferi is available
24
Q

lyme disease complications/late manifestations

A
  • chronic arthritis
25
Q

lyme disease treatment

A
  • tetracycline

- ampicillin for young children

26
Q

unique feature of lyme disease B. burgdorferi:

A

iron non-requirement

27
Q

Leptospirosis transmission

A
  • usually from animal urine (rats, dogs)

- through skin or mouth

28
Q

leptospirosis pathogenesis

A
  • enters blood
  • various tissues and organs
  • kidney, liver, meninges, conjunctiva especially
29
Q

leptospirosis symptoms

A
  • muscular pain
  • headache
  • photophobia
  • fever, chills
30
Q

what is Weil’s Disease?

A

infectious jaundice caused by one specific serovar of Leptospira. Leads to renal failure and hepatic injury.

31
Q

Leptospirosis treatment

A

penicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclines

32
Q

vaccine for leptospira?

A

None.

Microbiology (bacteria) (16 decks)

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