Helminths

Question 1

ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 1

asx in many
abdom cramping
dry cough and fever while larvae in lungs
children may develop malnutrition as worms compete for food

Question 2

necator americanus (hook worm)

Answer 2

diarrhea
abdom pain
weight loss 
iron deficiency anemia
cough w/ bloody sputum 
penetrate skin of feet --> localized itching

Question 3

strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 3

vomiting 
diarrhea
anemia
weight loss
penetrate skin of feet --> localized itching

Question 4

trichinella spiralis

Answer 4

fever
abdom pain
diarrhea
mm aches –> cysts

Question 5

trichuris tichiura

Answer 5

diarrhea

abdominal pain

Question 6

enterbius vermicularis (pinworm)

Answer 6

severe perianal itching

Question 7

onchocerca volvulus

Answer 7

skin nodules
allergic rxn to microfilariae migrating through skin = pruritic rash, lizard skin
river blindness = inflammatory response –> blindness

Question 8

wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 8

filarial fever = fever episodes assoc w/ HA and swollen nodes
elephantiasis = fibrous tissue plugs lymph nodes –> swelling of legs/genitals
tropical pulmonary eosinophilia = hypersens. rxn –> wheezing and cough
worms in blood at night

Question 9

drancunculus medinensis

Answer 9

nausea 
vomiting
hives
breathlessness 
use stick to pull out 100 cm worm

Question 10

cutaneous larva migrans (ancylostoma braziliense)

Answer 10

creeping eruption = raised red itchy rash moves w/ larvae

Question 11

visceral larva migrans (toxocara canis)

Answer 11

migration causes:
fever
diarrhea 
wheezing
hepatitis 
chrorioretinitis --> visual loss

Question 12

schistosomes

Answer 12

schistosomiasis: pruritic skin rash 
acute schistomiasis (katayama fever): intense transient itching, wks later fever hives HA weight loss and cough 
complications cause:
liver fibrosis --> portal HTN
lung fibrosis --> pulmonary HTN
intestinal polyps

Question 13

taenia solium

Answer 13

HOOKS!
usually asx
cysticercosis: travel to mm, CNS or eye and form calcified cysts –> leads to blindness or neuro manifestations (seizures, hydrocephalus, focal neuro defecits)

Question 14

taenia

Answer 14

SUCKERS!
usually asx
abdominal discomfort 
weight loss
diarrhea

Question 15

diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 15

can grow up to 45 m in length
nonspecific abdominal sxs
vit B12 deficiency –> anemia

Question 16

hymenolepis nana

Answer 16

dwarf
usually asx
abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting

Question 17

echinococcus (hydatid disease)

Answer 17

hydatid cysts in liver and lung –> can enlarge and cause mass effect:
liver = abdominal pain, palpable mass, biliary obstruction
lung = rupture causes cough or chest pain

leakage of cyst fluid can cause severe allergic rxn!!!!