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Pharmacology > Anemia - Coagulation disorders > Flashcards

Anemia - Coagulation disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Laboratory picture of iron deficiency:

A

Decrease iron, decrease ferritin and increase total iron-binding capacity

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1
Q

Most common type of anemia

A

Microcytic hyphochromic anemia,by iron deficiency

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2
Q

Megaloblastic anemias are caused by what?

A

Deficiency of vitamin B12 and Folic acid - pernicious anemia is the most common type

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3
Q

Anemia that usually results from a defect in the synthesis of intrinsic factor or by surgical removal of that part of the stomach that secretes intrinsic factor

A

Pernicious anemia

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4
Q

Transport protein for iron

A

Transferrin

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5
Q

A storage protein for iron

A

Ferritin

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6
Q

Chronic iron overload results to?

A

Hemochromatosis, organ failure and death

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7
Q

Oral form of iron with higher iron content

A

Ferrous fumarate

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8
Q

Acute iron intoxication is common among _____due to accidental ingestion of iron supplementation tablets

A

Children - necrotizing gastroenteritis, shock, metabolic acidosis, coma and death

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9
Q

Antidote for Iron toxicity

A

Parenteral administration of DEFEROXAMINE, which chelates circulating iron

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10
Q

Triad of Hemochromatosis

A

Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus and skin pigmentation

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11
Q

With the presence of intrinsic factor, Vitamin B12 is absorbed where?

A

Distal ileum

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12
Q

Two available forms of Vitamin B12

A

Cyanocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin

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13
Q

Folic acid is readily absorbed where?

A

Proximal jejunum

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14
Q

Deficiency during pregnancy results to neural tube defects in the the fetus

A

Folic acid

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15
Q

More stable form than the folate

A

Folic acid

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16
Q

Hematopoietic growth factor for anemia associated with chronic renal failure, HIV infection, cancer and prematurity. Performance-enchancing drugs in athletes (prohibited use)

A

Epoetin alfa - agonist if erythropoietin receptors expressed by red cell progenitor

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17
Q

Myeloid growth factor - for neutropenia associated with chemotherapy, myelodysplasia and aplastic anemia. SE: bone pain, fever, edema

A

Filgrastim (G-CSF)

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18
Q

Megakaryocyte growth factor for secondary prevention of thrombocytopenia in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for nonmyeloid cancers

A

Oprelvekin (IL-11)

19
Q

Mechanism for hemostasis

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Formation of clot via blood coagulation
  4. Fibrous organization
20
Q

During 1st step of hemostasis, two important autocoids that play important roles for vasoconstriction

A

Thromboxane - platelet activator/powerful vasoconstrictor

Endothelin - potent endothelium derived vasoconstrictor

21
Q

Platelet adhesion is mediated by____ by GpIb receptor in the platelet surface

A

vWF - essential for binding subendothelial collagen to platelets

22
Q

____is the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and limb gangrene

A

Arterial thrombosis

23
Q

Antiplatelet drug, for prevention of arterial thrombosis also for inflammatory disorders. Associated with REYE Syndrome

A

Aspirin - acetylsalicylic acid

24
Q

Toxic dose and lethal dose of Aspirin?

A

Toxic dose: 150mg/kg

Lethal dose: 500mg/kg

25
Q

Triad of aspirin hypersensitivity

A

SAMTER triad

asthma, aspirin sensitivity, and nasal polyps

26
Q

Acid base abnormality in salicylate poisoning?

A

Respiratory alkalosis with HAGMA

27
Q

An anti-platelet drug used during PCI to prevent thrombosis

A

Arciximab - prevents vessel restenosis, reinfarction and death

28
Q

An antiplatelet drug that irreversibly inhibits binding of ADP to platelet receptors, reducing platelet aggregation

A

Clopidogrel - Ticlopidine

29
Q

What are the two major types of anticoagulants?

A

Indirect thrombin inhibitors

Direct thrombin inhibitors

30
Q

Heparin, enoxaparin and lepirudin are example of what type of anticoagulant?

A

Indirect thrombin inhibitors

31
Q

Coumarin derivatives like warfarin are examples of what type of anticoagulant?

A

Direct thrombin inhibitors

32
Q

Anticoagulant drug, contraindicated for pregnancy?

A

Warfarin - heparin can be used in pregnancy

33
Q

Antidote for heparin toxicity?

A

Protamine - while vitamin K and FFP is the antidote for warfarin toxicity

34
Q

Anticoagulant given parenteral, with rapid onset and site of action in the blood?

A

Heparin

35
Q

Anticoagulant that impairs post-translational modification of factors II, VII, IX and X

A

Warfarin - impairs the vitamin K dependent factors 1972

36
Q

Site of action for warfarin

A

Liver

37
Q

Laboratory test to assess extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways

A

PTT for intrinsic pathway - heparin

PT for extrinsic pathway - warfarin

38
Q

Anticoagulant for DVT, PE, MI. DOC for anticoagulation during pregnancy.

A

Heparin

39
Q

Anticoagulant, for DVT, PE and MI with less risk of thrombocytopenia.
Does not require aPTT monitoring

A

Enoxaparin

40
Q

A direct thrombin inhibitor for anticoagulation in patients with heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency

A

Lepirudin

41
Q

Anticoagulant with narrow therapeutic window. And an active ingredient in most rat poisons

A

Warfarin

42
Q

Thrombolytic drug for acute MI, ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism. With loss of effectiveness on 2nd use, and allergic reaction may be observed

A

Alteplase - SIMd: Streptokinase, Urokinase

Tissue plasminogen activator analog.

43
Q

Antidote for Alteplase

A

Aminocaproic acid

44
Q

Antiplasmin drug, for prevention and treatment of acute bleeding episodes in patients with high risk of bleeding. Contraindicated in DIC and genitourinary bleeding

A

Aminocaproic acid - SIMD: Tranexamic acid

45
Q

A vasopressin V2 receptor agonist for hemophilia A, von Willebrand’s disease and central diabetic insipidus

A

Desmopressin - ADH agonist

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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