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Anatomy Exam 1 > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Plain film, CT, and mammography use ____, which travel from a source through an object imaged to a detector

A

X-rays

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2
Q

The more x-rays that get to the detector, the darker the image is. This is known as

A

Radiolucent

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3
Q

Higher densities show up bright white. This is known as

A

Radiopaque

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4
Q

In this orientation, x-rays travel through the anterior to posterior of the patient

A

AP

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5
Q

In this orientation, x-rays travel through the posterior to anterior of the patient

A

PA

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6
Q

In this orientation, x-rays travel from one side of the pt to the other side of the pt

A

Lateral

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7
Q

In this orientation, the pt is lying on his/her back

A

Supine

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8
Q

In this orientation, the pt is lying on his/her stomach

A

Prone

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9
Q

In this orientation, the pt is lying on their side

A

Decubitus

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10
Q

In this orientation, the pt is standing

A

Upright

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11
Q

In this orientation, the pt is not standing at 0 or 90 degrees but anywhere in between

A

Oblique

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12
Q

What are the first 3 things you do when you see a film

A

1-read the name, make sure it is who you think it is
2- make sure it is the correct date
3- look for R and L labels, labeled in regard to the patient

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13
Q

In cross-sectional imaging, a vertical plane from front to back

A

Sagittal

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14
Q

In cross-sectional imaging, a vertical plane that divides right and left sides

A

Median Sagittal

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15
Q

In cross-sectional imaging, a horizontal plane, also transverse

A

Axial

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16
Q

In cross-sectional imaging, a vertical plane from head to foot parallel to shoulders

A

Coronal

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17
Q

What 3 things determine magnification in radiology?

A

1-the distance of the source from the pt (closer the source, more magnification)
2-the distance of the pt from the film (further the pt from the film, more magnification)
3-the orientation of the pt (the further an organ is from the detector/film, more magnification–want the area you want imaged closest to the detector)

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18
Q

These permit visualization of structures not normally visible

A

Contrast agents

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19
Q

These contrast agents are used for GI studies

A

Barium, Gastrografin

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20
Q

These are considered enteric contrast agents, and are dilute iodinated contrasts, often used if their is risk for perforated viscus or aspiration

A

Isovue and Omnipaque

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21
Q

This contrast agent is usually given for CT intravenously. The nonionic is safer, but is also more expensive, so the ionic version is more often used. This CAN injure kidneys so it is used with caution or not used at all with diabetics, renal impaired patients, and patients with multiple myeloma

A

Iodinated contrast

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22
Q

This contrast agent is used in MRI, given via IV, and is not generally harmful to the kidneys but it is still not routinely given to patients with renal impairment due to the fact that it can cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

A

Gadolinium

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23
Q

This imaging modality is most often thought of when we say “x-ray” and can be used on any part of the body, is relatively cheap, and there is a lot of access to it

A

Plain film

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24
Q

This imaging modality is real-time and is used for GI studies, angiography, and guidance with procedures-it also typically uses less radiation than a typical exposure

A

Fluoroscopy

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25
Q

This imaging modality is more expensive, uses more radiation than plain film, but also provides more information and cross-sectional imaging, and it can also be used for guiding procedures

A

Computed Tomography (CT)

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26
Q

This imaging modality uses no radiation but instead sound waves, it is less expensive than CT, and can be used for guidance in procedures, it is very operator dependent though

A

Ultrasound

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27
Q

This imaging modality uses magnetic fields instead of radiation, it is loud, expensive, and less available than other modalities. It provides more info than other modalities, but is best for neuro and tissue

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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28
Q

This imaging modality injects a radiotracer and images with a gamma camera, it is often physiologic, and the patient is the source

A

Nuclear medicine

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29
Q

This imaging modality is frequently used in oncology and uses an injected radiotracer (FDG or rubidium) and is imaged with a scanner, it is often combined with CT

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

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30
Q

This imaging modality is used for breast imaging, uses radiation and compression, and is used for screening and diagnostic purposes

A

Mammography

31
Q

For a cervical spine plain film series there are usually what 5 images?

A

AP, lateral, 2 oblique, open mouth odontoid

32
Q

For a cervical spine CT, images are usually obtained ____ and then reformatted in sagittal and coronal planes

A

axially

33
Q

For a cervical spine MRI, what orientations are usually used?

A

Sagittal and axial-sometimes coronal

34
Q

What is the rule for prevertebral soft tissues in a lateral c spine?

A

5 at 2, 22 at 5

35
Q

For a thoracic spine plain film series, what 3 orientations are typically used?

A

AP, lateral, Swimmers

36
Q

For a lumbar spine plain film series, what 3 orientations are typically used?

A

AP, lateral, and cone down lateral

37
Q

In the lumbar spine, what orientation is used to see the “scotty dog” to view a spondylolysis?

A

Oblique

38
Q

The neck of “scotty dog” is often a location of stress fractures and spondylolysis, this area is called

A

pars interarticularis

39
Q

An outgrowth of bone that lacks an ossification center is an

A

apophysis

40
Q

the midportion or shaft of a bone, formed from primary ossification centers

A

diaphysis

41
Q

the flared part of the diaphysis that extends to the epiphysis

A

metaphysis

42
Q

the growth plate of a long bone

A

epiphyseal plate

43
Q

from the secondary ossification centers, end of bone

A

epiphysis

44
Q

a bone within a tendon

A

sesamoid

45
Q

hard fibrous connective tissue membrane investing bone

A

periosteum

46
Q

compact outer bone

A

cortex

47
Q

inner spongy core that contains bone marrow

A

medullary cavity

48
Q

For the upper extremity, what imaging modality is used after trauma (fracture, dislocation), pain, arthritis, tumor, infection

A

Plain film

49
Q

For the upper extremity, what imaging modality is better for bony detail, fracture, some masses

A

CT

50
Q

For the upper extremity, what imaging modality is for an occult fracture (scaphoid, elbow, hip), infection, mass (esp. soft tissue), ligament or tendon injury

A

MRI

51
Q

For the upper extremity, what is used for a work-up of tumor, infection

A

Nuclear medicine bone scan

52
Q

What views are used for a shoulder image? 3

A

AP internally rotated, AP externally rotated, Scapular Y

53
Q

What view is essentially lateral, and should show the humeral head in the glenoid overlapping on the image

A

Scapular Y view

54
Q

In an MRI, the fluid is ____ and the fat is ___. The muscles are ___ and tendons are___

A

Dark; bright. Gray; black

55
Q

What are the views of an elbow image? 3

A

AP, lateral (elbow at 90 degrees), and oblique

56
Q

What are important to check on the anterior and posterior lateral views of an elbow image?

A

Fat pads

57
Q

Radiopaque shows up

A

whiter

58
Q

Radioluscent shows up

A

darker

59
Q

What are the 3 views of a wrist image?

A

AP, lateral, oblique

60
Q

Scaphoid fractures often occult on a plain film, but are considered a fracture clinically because they are located in the ____, which makes them hard to truly visualize

A

Anatomic snuffbox

61
Q

What are the 3 views of a hand image?

A

AP, oblique, and lateral views

62
Q

In imaging modalities for soft tissue neck, what is limited but often used for epiglottitis and croup?

A

Plain film

63
Q

For soft tissue of the neck, what imaging modality is used for thyroid, detection of cystic mass in children, the carotid artery, and the jugular vein

A

Ultrasound

64
Q

For soft tissue of the neck, what imaging modality is used (with radioactive iodine) to view thyroid and parathyroid

A

Nuclear medicine

65
Q

For soft tissue of the neck, what imaging modality is used in staging head/neck cancers?

A

PET/CT

66
Q

What imaging modality injects the salivary gland ducts to check for stones or strictures, but is relatively uncommon?

A

Sialography

67
Q

What is used to detect a swallowing abnormality or mass?

A

Barium swallow

68
Q

The thyroid gland is usually imaged by what 3 modalities?

A

US, CT, nuclear medicine

69
Q

The parathyroid is usually imaged by what modality mainly?

A

Nuclear medicine

70
Q

The parotid gland is best imaged by

A

CT

71
Q

The airway is best visualized ____, but imaging can be used to see nearby structures, a primary mass, or lymph node

A

visual examination/endoscopy

72
Q

The lymph nodes are imaged mainly using

A

CT

73
Q

The ____ separates the parotid gland into deep and superficial portions

A

retromandibular vein

74
Q

The carotid bifurcation, internal carotid artery are initially imaged using ____, and may be followed up by ____

A

ultrasound; CTA or MRA

Anatomy Exam 1 (15 decks)

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