2480 - Final - 1

Question 1

Prosopagnosia:

Answer 1

Inability to recognize faces

(otherwise normal vision)

Question 1

Faces show a powerful
Inversion effect

Answer 1

the reduction in
recognition (or increase in errors) for upside-down stimuli

Question 2

Fusiform face area (FFA)

Answer 2

is particularly responsive to faces, but high levels of activation can also be produced by tasks requiring subtle distinctions.

Question 3

Face perception seems to rely on

Answer 3

Holistic
perception.

Question 4

Holistic perception

Answer 4

perception of the
overall configuration rather than an assemblage of parts

Question 5

Familiar faces:

Answer 5

relationships among the internal features of the face.

Question 6

Unfamiliar faces

Answer 6

the face’s outer parts (e.g., hair, shape of head)

Question 7

Patients who suffer from
Unilateral neglect syndrome

Answer 7

are
unable to attend to inputs coming from one side of the body.

Question 8

Attention:

Answer 8

A concentration of mental activity.

Question 9

Selective attention:

Answer 9

processing one source of information at
the expense of other sources of information.

Question 10

Divided attention:

Answer 10

Processing multiple sources of information simultaneously.

Question 12

Spatial attention is sometimes thought of as a

Answer 12

Spotlight beam

The beam marks the region of space for which you are prepared, so inputs within the beam are processed more efficiently.

Question 13

“All is Vanity” illusion

Answer 13

As you shift from one perception to the other, you need to adjust your spotlight beam of attention

narrow beam to see details (e.g., to see the woman) or to a wider beam to see the whole scene (e.g., to see the skull).

Question 14

The control system for attention includes:

Answer 14

1. Orienting system
2. Alerting system
3. Executive system

Question 15

Which factors influence what people attend to?

Answer 15

1. Visual prominence
2. Level of interest
3. Importance (determined by context)
4. Beliefs and expectations

Question 16

Ultra-rare item effect

Answer 16

(you are unlikely to focus on
and notice aspects of a scene that are totally unexpected)
e.g., security inspections at airports

Question 17

Endogenous control of attention

Answer 17

Deliberately choosing what to pay attention to.

Question 18

Exogenous control of attention

Answer 18

an element of the scene
“seizes” your attention whether you like it or not
* Example: ambulance sirens

Question 19

Given neglect patients ignore all inputs form one side of the body, suggests a

Answer 19

Spaced-based account
of attention.

Question 20

Object-based
attention

Answer 20

neglect patients have a strong initial bias to attend to the right visual field, however, once their attention has locked onto an object, it is the object that is the target of attention, not space.

Question 21

Evidence that attention is BOTH

Answer 21

Object-based and space based

Question 22

Not all aspects of the unattended channel are ignored,

Answer 22

1. Physical attributes
   E.g., speech versus music
2. Personally important semantic content
   (e.g., your name)

The “cocktail party effect”

Question 23

Attention is needed for

Answer 23

Conscious perception

Question 24

Inattentional deafness

Answer 24

the failure to hear a prominent stimulus, even though can hear it perfectly fine Dr. Maria Chait

Question 25

Inattentional numbness

Answer 25

the failure to detect a somatosensory feeling (i.e., a feeling of 'touch)

Question 26

Inattentional blindness:

Answer 26

the failure to see a prominent stimulus, even if one is staring right at it Perception requires you to Organize and interpret incoming stimuli - but this activity requires some initiative and resources. E.g., we don't typically notice the gradual change of daylight. Can't find the mushrooms in the fridge.

Question 27

Change blindness:

Answer 27

the inability to detect changes in a scene despite looking at it directly

Question 28

expectation-driven priming

Answer 28

Perceiver anticipates the attended channel. * Detectors that are needed for the (now expected) input are primed. * Primed detectors fire more readily/easily

Question 29

Biased competition theory

Answer 29

attention creates a temporary bias in neuron sensitivity

Question 30

Spatial Attention

Answer 30

Perception is facilitated by priming detectors. Priming can be stimulus-driven or expectation driven.

Question 31

Repetition priming

Answer 31

priming produced by a prior encounter with the stimulus * Stimulus-driven * Requires no effort or cognitive resources

Question 32

Expectation-driven priming

Answer 32

detectors for inputs you think are upcoming are deliberately primed. Effortful Not done for unexpected inputs or inputs in which you have no interest

Question 33

Spatial attention:

Answer 33

your ability to focus attention on a specific location in space