2.5

Question 1

What is the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

The cardiovascular system is a connected network of blood vessels, blood and a muscular pump (the heart) It provides tissues with oxygen and nutrients and helps to remove waste and toxins from the body

Question 2

List functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide

Transporting nutrients and removing wastes

Fighting disease

Transporting hormones

Regulating body temperature

Question 3

Types of blood vessels

Answer 3

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

Question 4

Features of arteries

Answer 4

Arteries carry high pressure blood away from the heart

They have thick, muscular walls with elastic fibres that help them stretch when the heart beats.

The endthelium helps protect the layer of smooth muscle pumping fast moving blood

Question 5

What does the smooth muscle in arteries do

Answer 5

Contract or relax to control blood flow to an area

Question 6

What is vasoconstriction

Answer 6

When the artery contracts and the blood flow reduces

Question 7

What is vasodilation

Answer 7

When the artery relaxes and the blood flow increases

Question 8

When cold, arteries..

Answer 8

Arteries vasoconstrict in hands, arms, face and legs to keep blood warm in the core of body

Question 9

When hot, arteries..

Answer 9

Arteries vasodilate in hands, arms, face and legs to use a larger surface area to cool blood down

Question 10

During intense exercise, arteries in muscles and arms..

Answer 10

Vasodilate

Question 11

During intense exercise, arteries in digestive system..

Answer 11

Vasoconstrict

Question 12

During rest, arteries in muscles and arms..

Answer 12

Vasoconstrict

Question 13

During rest, arteries in digestive system..

Answer 13

Vasodilate

Question 14

Features of veins

Answer 14

Carry low blood pressure to the heart

Have larger lumen than arteries, but less muscle and elastic fibres

The endothelium is a protective layer lining inside of veins

Question 15

Purpose of valves

Answer 15

Valves prevent the back flow of blood as venous blood needs to travel from tips of toes to your head.

Question 16

Features of capillaries

Answer 16

Capillaries are site of exchange of materials between cells and blood

They form a dense network around tissues to increase surface area for exchange

The walls of the capillaries are 1 cell thick to allow for efficient diffusion

Question 17

Size of lumen in artery

Answer 17

Narrow

Question 18

Size of lumen in vein

Answer 18

Wide

Question 19

Size of lumen in capillary

Answer 19

1 cell wide

Question 20

Wall of vessel in artery

Answer 20

Thick smooth muscle

Question 21

Wall of vessel in capillary

Answer 21

1 cell thick

Question 22

Wall of vessel in vein

Answer 22

Thinner smooth muscle

Question 23

Elasticity of artery

Answer 23

Very elastic

Question 24

Elasticity of capillary

Answer 24

Not elastic

Question 25

Elasticity of vein

Answer 25

Slightly elastic

Question 26

Blood pressure in artery

Answer 26

High

Question 27

Blood pressure in capillary

Answer 27

Low

Question 28

Blood pressure in vein

Answer 28

Low

Question 29

Direction of flow of artery

Answer 29

Away from heart

Question 30

Direction of flow of capillary

Answer 30

Between arteries and veins

Question 31

Direction of flow of vein

Answer 31

To heart

Question 32

What is blood made up of

Answer 32

Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Dissolved substances Proteins Amino acids

Question 33

What is blood plasma

Answer 33

Blood plasma is a yellow watery fluid that carries the other components of blood. It can hold a certain amount of dissolved substances such as carbon dioxide and glucose

Question 34

What is tissue fluid

Answer 34

Blood reaches the capillary at high pressure, this causes some of the plasma to be pushed through the capillary wall (pressure filtration) into the space next to the cells. When it arrives in this space the fluid is called tissue fluid.

Question 35

What is pressure filtration

Answer 35

When plasma is pushed through the capillary wall due to blood being high pressure

Question 36

What does tissue fluid contain

Answer 36

Oxygen, glucose and amino acids that the cells require. These diffuse into the cells that are surrounded by the tissue fluid.

Question 37

What do tissue fluid and blood plasma both have

Answer 37

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and glucose

Question 38

What does blood plasma have that tissue fluid doesn’t

Answer 38

Proteins and red blood cells

Question 39

How does return of tissue fluid work

Answer 39

The tissue fluid that has collected waste and carbon dioxide returns to the blood to get to the lungs, liver and kidneys. Most tissue fluid is reabsorbed by the capillary at the low pressure end.

Question 40

What happens to tissue fluid that doesn’t return to the capillary

Answer 40

Excess tissue fluid is collected by lymph vessels. As soon as it enters the lymph vessel the tissue fluid is called lymph.

Question 41

What do lymph vessels do with lymph

Answer 41

Lymph vessels return lymph to the cardiovascular system near the heart

Question 42

Location of blood plasma

Answer 42

Blood vessels

Question 43

Location of tissue fluid

Answer 43

Tissue space

Question 44

Location of lymph fluid

Answer 44

Lymph vessels