2.6

Question 1

Vena cave carries blood from

Answer 1

Body to heart

Question 2

Pulmonary artery carries blood from

Answer 2

Heart to lungs

Question 3

Pulmonary vein carries blood from

Answer 3

Lungs to heart

Question 4

Aorta carries blood from

Answer 4

Heart to body

Question 5

Coronary arteries

Answer 5

Supply heart muscle

Question 6

Oxygenated blood is pushed towards

Answer 6

Body

Question 7

The left side of the heart pumps

Answer 7

Oxygenated blood to the body

Question 8

The right side of the heart pumps

Answer 8

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 9

Cardiac output formula

Answer 9

CO = SV x HR

Question 10

What is cardiac output

Answer 10

The amount of blood a ventricle can pump every minute is known as cardiac output. It depends on the amount of blood your heart can move and the number of times your heart is beating.

Question 11

What does HR stand for

Answer 11

Heart rate. How many times your heart beats in 1 minute.

Question 12

Atrioventricular valve

Answer 12

Name of valve between atrium and ventricle

Question 13

Semilunar valve

Answer 13

Valve that stops back flow of blood from arteries into ventricles

Question 14

What is the cardiac cycle

Answer 14

Each heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle . It is the process by which the four chambers of the heart fill and empty of blood.

Question 15

What are the main phases of the cardiac cycle

Answer 15

Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Diastole

Question 16

Atrial systole

Answer 16

The atria both contract at the same time to squeeze blood through the AV valves into the ventricles

Question 17

Diastole

Answer 17

All chambers relax and fill with blood. Atria fill first ready for the cycle to begin again.

Question 18

Ventricular systole

Answer 18

Both ventricles contract to squeeze blood through the pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 19

What are valves used for in cardiac cycle

Answer 19

Preventing back flow of blood during ventricular systole and diastole

Question 20

AV and SL valve in atrial systole

Answer 20

AV open
SL closed

Question 21

AV and SL valve in ventricular systole

Answer 21

AV closed
SL open

Question 22

AV and SL valve in diastole

Answer 22

AV open
SL closed

Question 23

Electric nerve fibres which cause contraction of heart muscle

Answer 23

Sino-atrial node
Atrio-ventricular node
The purkinje fibres in ventricle walls

Question 24

Explain Sino-Atrial node

Answer 24

Also known as peacemaker cells
Located on wall of right atrium
Auto-rhythmic, spontaneously send electrical signals across the atria causing them to contract (atrial systole)

Question 25

Explains atrio ventricular node

Answer 25

Picks up electrical signals from SA node Located in centre of heart between atria and ventricles Sends electrical impulses down fibres in ventricle walls

Question 26

What do fibres in ventricle walls do with nodes

Answer 26

Pass impulses from AV node down the middle of heart and into the ventricle side, causing ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)

Question 27

Explain entire electrical pathway of heart

Answer 27

SA node produces wave of electrical excitation across atria - atria contracts AV node picks up signal from atria, passes impulses down fibres in ventricular wall Impulses travel down fibres in centre of heart Impulses travel along ventricle walls - ventricles contract

Question 28

Noradrenaline involving heart

Answer 28

Released when sympathetic nerve activated. Causes increase in heart rate when released at SA anode

Question 29

Acetylcholine involving heart

Answer 29

Released when parasympathetic nerve activated. Causes decreases in heart rate when released at SA node

Question 30

What is an electrocardiogram

Answer 30

Piece of equipment which measures the electrical activity of your heart

Question 31

ECG P wave is

Answer 31

Electrical excitation of SA node travelling across atria (atrial systole)

Question 32

ECG QRS wave is

Answer 32

Electrical excitation of ventricles (ventricular systole)

Question 33

ECG T wave is

Answer 33

Electrical recovery of ventricles (diastole)

Question 34

Blood pressure taken as 2 readings..

Answer 34

Systolic (pressure when ventricles contract) Diastolic (pressure when heart relaxes)

Question 35

Process of using a sphygmomanometer

Answer 35

The cuff is inflated to cut off arterial blood supply from the arm The cuff slowly deflated until the blood starts to force its way through by ventricle contracting. You can hear pulse in arm, this is systolic bp The cuff continues to deflate. The artery will fully open at another pressure. You cannot hear the pulse anymore, this is diastolic bp