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Med Surg > 25 - Assessment: Respiratory System > Flashcards

25 - Assessment: Respiratory System Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

upper respiratory

A 
nose
mouth
pharynx
epiglottis
larynx
trachea
carina (the v)
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2
Q

lower respiratory

A 
mainstem bronchi (not in lungs)
bronchi
bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli
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3
Q

small flab behind the tongue that closes over the larynx during swallowing

A

piglottis

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4
Q

olfactory nerve is found ___

A

within the mucose of the upper part of the nasal cavity

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5
Q

which lung has 3 lobes?

A

the right lung

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6
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air exchanged w each breath

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7
Q

average tidal volume

A

500 mL

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8
Q

of each tidal volume, how much is anatomical dead space?

A

150 mL

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9
Q

primary site of gas exchange

A

alveoli

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10
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed alveoli

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11
Q

why are post of patients at risk for atelectasis

A
  • decr mobility
  • effects of anesthesia
  • pain changes breathing pattern
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12
Q

how does ARDS lead to atelactasis

A

decr surfactant

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13
Q

surfactant

A

lipoprotein

-decr the surface tension needed to inflate

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14
Q

pulmonary circulation vs bronchial circulation

A

pulmo: gas exchange
bronchial: perfuses lungs

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15
Q

major muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm

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16
Q

oxygenation

A

process of obtaining O2 fr atmosphere + making it available to tissues/organs

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17
Q

how is the lung’s ability to oxygenate arterial blood evaluated by?

A

PaO2

SaO2

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18
Q

partial pressure of arterial blood?

A

PaO2

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19
Q

PaO2

A

dissolved O2 in blood

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20
Q

SaO2

A

amount of O2 bound to hemoglobin

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21
Q

Ventilation vs Respiration

A

vent: inspiration + expiration
resp: gas exchange

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22
Q

compliance

A

measure of ease of expansion

-low compliance> harder it is for lungs to expand

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23
Q

resistance

Study These Flashcards
A

any obstacle of airway

  • main factor is change in diameter (i.e. asthma)
  • can be caused by excessive mucus/thickening of mucus
24
Q

respiratory center

25
chemoreceptor
responds to change in chem compostn - PaCO2, pH - CENTRAL chemoreceptors are in medulla
26
mechanical receptor
found in conduction upper airways, chest wall, diaphragm, alveoli capillaries -stim by physio factors (irritants, muscle stretch, alveolar wall distortn)
27
an incr in H
incr respiration + tidal volume
28
an incr in PaCO2
more CO2 combines w H2O to make H2CO3 (carbonic acid) - low pH of cerebrospinal fluid - incr respiration + tidal volume
29
Respiratory defense mechanisms
``` 1 filtration of air 2 incr air turbulance in phrnx + lrnx 3 mucociliary escalator 4 ciliary beat 5 cough reflex 6 bronchoconstriction 7 alveolar macrophage ```
30
alveoli macrophage is impaired by
cigarette smoke
31
common side effect of ACE inhibitors
cough
32
hemptysis
coughiing blood | -may be confused for hematemesis (vomit bld)
33
wheezing indicates
airway obstruction | -asthma
34
anorexia may be caused by
resp meds
35
fatigue may be caused by
- hypoxemia | - incr work of breathing
36
dehydration can cause
thickening of sputum> obstruction
37
ppl w chronic cough, esp women, may have _____ during paroxysm of coughin
urinary incontinence
38
s/s hypoxia vs hypoxemia
hypoxia: restlessness, agitation hypoxemia: inability to learn + retain info
39
Subjective Data
- SOB - dyspnea - cough - sputum production (color quality) - wheezing
40
Objective Data
- resp rate, quality, pattern - accessory muscle use - mouth or nose breathing - trachea positioning - shape, symmtr, mvmt of chest wall - skin + nails - palpate chest + back - lung sounds
41
Diagnostics
- ABG - chest xray - hemoglobin - hematocrit
42
2 methods to assess efficiency of gas transfer in lungs + tissue oxygenation
1 pulse ox | 2 ABGs
43
SpO2 vs SaO2
both is amt of O2 attached to hemoglobin | -SpO2 is by pulse ox
44
what is in an ABG
PaO2 PaCO2 pH SaO2
45
arterial catheter is usually inserted into
radial or femoral artery
46
how to obtain ABG
before: indicate if pt is using O2. avoid changes in O2 therapy 15 min before obtaining sample during: assist w positioning ( palm up hyperextended). collect blood in heparinized syringe. expel air bubbls after: apply pressure for atleats 5 min to prevent hematoma
47
what kind of syringe is used for ABG
heparinized syringe
48
mild hypoxemia manifestations
- restless - tachycardia - dysrhythmia - dyspnea - HYPERtension
49
mod hypoxemia manifestations
- HYPOtension - confusion - lethargy - dysrhythmia - resp distress - accessory muscle use
50
severe hypoxemia manifestations
- cyanosis - coma - resp arrest - cardiac arrest
51
does a positive TB skin test mean that pt. has TB?
no | -it just means that pt has been exposed to antigen
52
neg results in TB skin test could indicate
- no exposure to TB - depressed cell-mediated immunity - ---ie HIV
53
TB skin test directions
- use intradermal NOT subQ - circle injection site - do not remove circle mark - when charting, draw forearm + circle mark - when reading test results, check all 4 sides of the induration - DO NOT measure redded, flattened areas
54
PFT spirometer use
- insert mouthpiece - inhale as deep as possible - exhale as hard + fast +long as possible
55
spirometer may be done before + after giving bronchodilators to determine ____
is airway obstruction is reversible

Med Surg (18 decks)

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