25. disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism Flashcards
(23 cards)
what is glycogen
storage form of glucose
where is glycogen normally deposited
- hepatocytes
- myocytes
- renal tubular cells
fixation of glycogen
10% buff formaline at 4degrees
stainings of glycogen
- PAS
- PAS and amylase pretreatment
- bests carmine - red
reasons for increased glycogen production and or accumulation
- overfeeding
- increased activity
- glycogen storage diseases
examples of glycogen storage diseases
- enzymeopathies
- inhibited glycolysis
- predilection sites
- gierkes disease
whats gierkes disease
- enzymeopathy
- lack of glucose-6-phosphatase
- hypoglycaemia at starvation
reasons for decreased level of glycogen
decreased production, increased mobilisation
reasons for decreased glycogen production
- toxic chemicals
- bacterial toxins
- mycotoxins
reasons for increased mobilisation of glycogen
- starvation
- baby pig disease
- cold
- increased metabolism
what is diabetes mellitus
cluster of metabolic disorders associated with the relative or absolute lack of insulin, resulting in persistant hyperglycaemia and consequential glucosuria
two major types of DM
- type 1 -insulin dependant DM
- type 2 - non insulin dependant DM
whats type 1 diabetes
primary dysfunction of sinsulin secretion -> good response to insulin therapy
whats type 2 diabetes
when pancreas doesnt produce enough to maintain normal blood glucose or body unable to use insulin thats produced -> insulin resistance, insulin therapy not good
type 2 is mainly seen in what kind of animals
cats, obese animals, older animals
type 1 is mainly seen in what kind of animals
dogs, younger animals, thinner animals
DM symptoms
hyperglycaemia
glucosuria
polyuria
chronic renal failure
consequences of DM
- glucose conc of body fluids and excretes
- overweight or other/alternative metabolic pathways
- fat-infiltration of the liver
- non enzymatic glycation of proteins
- imparied leukocyte function
consequences of DM to do with body fluids and excretes
- glucosuria- polyuria and dypsea
- glucose fermenting microorganisms - emphysematous cystitis
- glycogen accumulation in kidney
consequences of DM to do with overwight of alternative metabolic pathways
- starvation - incr in GGL and GNG
- ketone bodies - acidosis, neuropathy
- decr glucose uptake - incr polyol pathway - incr sorbitol - incr osmolarity of lens - cataracts
consequences of DM to do with fat infiltration of the liver
- glycogen defiency
- energy from lipids - lipid accumulation in liver
- incomplete oxidation of FA
- ketone bodies produced
consequences of DM non enzymatic glycation of proteins
- microvascular -diabetic retinoapthy, nephropathy, neuropathy
- macrovascular
- other tissues; lens - cataract
consequences of DM to do with impaired leukocyte function
diminished resistance to infections
