2.5 Organic Compounds

Question 1

What are the four organic molecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid

Question 2

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 2

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

Question 3

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Answer 3

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

A two-stranded complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Question 5

What is RNA’s nitrogenous base?

Answer 5

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil

Question 6

What is DNA’s nitrogenous base?

Answer 6

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine

Question 7

Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 7

Hydrophobic

Question 8

What is a monomer?

Answer 8

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

Question 9

What is a polymer?

Answer 9

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

Question 10

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 10

Breaking down complex molecules (chemical reaction) by the chemical addition of water

Question 11

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Made up of Monosaccharides. Used as energy, cell walls and plant structure. (Potatoes,Cellulose)

Question 12

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 12

The simplest form of sugar and most basic unit of a carbohydrate that cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler compounds. Contain five or six carbon atoms.

Question 13

Carbohydrates are often in what proportion?

Answer 13

1:2:1

Question 14

What is the simplest compound of the 4 organic compounds?

Answer 14

Carbohydrates

Question 15

What are the two groups of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates

Question 16

What are dissacharides?

Answer 16

A sugar containing two monosaccharides together

Question 17

What functions do simple carbohydrates serve?

Answer 17

To provide a source of energy; which is released when bonds are broken

Question 18

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Large chains of monosaccharides. Form starches found in grains, potatoes, and vegetables

Question 19

What are Oligosaccharides?

Answer 19

Short chains of three or more monosaccharides.

Question 20

What are Glycoproteins?

Answer 20

Proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them.

Question 21

What are Polysaccharides?

Answer 21

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides

Question 22

What are complex carbohydrates’ function?

Answer 22

Store energy and help form walls + exoskeletons.

Question 23

What are proteins?

Answer 23

polymers consisting of amino acids and folded into a 3D functional shape

Question 24

What are amino acids?

Answer 24

A simple organic compound which are building blocks of protein.

Question 25

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 25

A chemical bond that connects amino acids together.

Question 26

What are polypeptides?

Answer 26

Long chains made of joined amino acids to form a protein.

Question 27

What is protein folding?

Answer 27

The process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation.

Question 28

What is the primary structure of protein?

Answer 28

A simple sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 29

What is the secondary structure of protein?

Answer 29

A folded structure of a protein within the polypeptide chain.

Question 30

What is the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 30

The overall 3-D structure of a polypeptide after folding again

Question 31

What is the Quaternary structure of protein?

Answer 31

Protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain.

Question 32

What is denaturing?

Answer 32

Changing the shape of protein

Question 33

What are nucleotides?

Answer 33

Basic building blocks of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases

Question 34

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 34

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. contain nucleotides.

Question 35

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 35

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 36

What is RNA?

Answer 36

A single-stranded nucleic acid containing sugar ribose that passes along genetic messages and helps make proteins.

Question 37

What are lipids?

Answer 37

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Do not dissolve in water.

Question 38

Are lipids polymers? Why?

Answer 38

No, because lipids do not have monomers.

Question 39

What are triglycerides?

Answer 39

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

Question 40

What are fatty acids?

Answer 40

Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. building blocks of lipids.

Question 41

What are the two groups of lipids?

Answer 41

triglycerides and phospholipids

Question 42

What are saturated fats?

Answer 42

A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.

Question 43

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 43

A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds; mostly plants.

Question 44

What are phospholipids?

Answer 44

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.