Eukaryotic Organelles Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the Endomembrane system?
Eukaryotic organelles that exchange materials in transport vesicles. (Transportation highway of cellular materials.)
What are the organelles of the Endomembrane system?
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell membrane.
What is a vesicle?
A membrane bounded structure that transports materials within a cell like a vehicle.
What is a Nucleus?
A membrane bounded sac containing DNA in a eukaryotic ell.
What is a nucleus bounded by?
A nuclear envelope; a double membrane
What are nuclear pores?
Opening holes in the nuclear envelope which RNA transports out through
What is chromatin?
Multiple threads of DNA and associated proteins
What is the nucleolus?
Region in the nucleus where RNA is produced; which in turn makes ribosomes.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? What is it responsible for?
Interconnected, membranous tubules and sacs in an eukaryotic cell. Responsible for synthesizing + processing molecules such as lipids
Whats the function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Roughens up ribosomes. Synthesizes proteins and stores lipids.
Whats the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesizes lipids and detoxifys drugs. Also forms vesicles of transport of products to the Golgi Apparatus. (Think: car repairman of vesicles)
What is the Golgi apparatus? What is the golgi apparatus responsible for?
The “processing center”. Responsible for making proteins become fully functional after being folded.
What are lysosomes? Where do they come from? What do they do in a cell? With what reaction?
Trash-men of the cell. Organelle in an eukaryotic cell which buds from Golgi Apparatus. Break down junk molecules, bacteria, and worn cell parts with hydrolysis.
What are vacuoles?
An organelle in a plant cell which degrades and recycles molecules + organelles with it’s watery enzyme solution. (Think: vegan lysosomes). Acquires water and exerts turgor pressure.
What is turgor pressure?
Pressure against the cell membrane which helps plants stay upright.
Where do lysosomes originate?
Golgi Apparatus
What are Peroxisomes? Where do they originate?
Structures similar to lysosomes which dispose of toxic substances but originate at the ER.
Where do peroxisomes originate?
In the endoplasmic reticulum.
Where are ribosomes attached on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The outside
Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in what?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Where are lysosome enzymes synthesized?
Rough ER
What are chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis in eukaryotes. Produce glucose.
What is inside Chloroplasts?
Thylakoids and stoma
What is a thylakoid
A flattened membrane that forms stacks called grana and has pigments of chlorophyll
