2.5 Structure And The Function Of The Heart

Question 1

What do valves prevent?

Answer 1

The backflow of blood

Question 2

What are the two types of valves?

Answer 2

AV Valves and SL Valves

Question 3

What do AV Valves do?

Answer 3

Prevent blood flow from flowing back into the atria. These valves force blood into the ventricles

Question 4

What do SL Valves do?

Answer 4

SL Valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. These valves force the blood to leave the heart

Question 5

What does the pulmonary vein do?

Answer 5

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 6

What does the Aorta do?

Answer 6

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

Question 7

What does the vena cava do?

Answer 7

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

Question 8

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 8

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 9

What is the Cardiac Output formula?

Answer 9

CO = HR X SV

Question 10

Where is the SAN located?

Answer 10

The wall of the right atrium

Question 11

Where do Sympathetic and Parasympathetic come from?

Answer 11

The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 12

What are parasympathetic and sympathetic described as being?

Answer 12

Antagonistic

Question 13

What is sympathetic?

Answer 13

Increases heart rate and release noradrenaline

Question 14

What is parasympathetic?

Answer 14

Decreases heart rate and release acetylcholine

Question 15

What can impulses in the heart be detected by?

Answer 15

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 16

What does the P wave detect?

Answer 16

The wave of electrical impulses spreading over the atria from the SAN

Question 17

What does the Q-R-S complex detect?

Answer 17

The electrical impulses through the ventricles

Question 18

What does the T wave detect?

Answer 18

The electrical recovery of the ventricles at the end of ventricular systole

Question 19

How to work out ECG calculation?

Answer 19

60 divided by time of wave

Question 20

What is blood pressure?

Answer 20

Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels

Question 21

How is blood pressure measured?

Answer 21

It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)

Question 22

How is blood pressure generated?

Answer 22

By the contraction of the ventricles and it is therefore highest in the large elastic arteries

Question 23

When does blood pressure increase?

Answer 23

During ventricular systole

Question 24

When does blood pressure decrease?

Answer 24

During diastole

Question 25

What is a typical blood pressure reading for a young adult?

Answer 25

120/80 mm Hg

Question 26

How is the first blood pressure measured?

Answer 26

After an inflatable cuff stops blood flow and deflates gradually, causing the blood to start to flow at systolic pressure

Question 27

How is the second blood pressure measured?

Answer 27

When the blood flows freely though the artery at diastolic pressure

Question 28

What equipment is used to measure blood pressure?

Answer 28

Sphygmomanometer

Question 29

What is hypertension?

Answer 29

The prolonged elevation of blood pressure

Question 30

What diseases is hypertension a major risk factor of?

Answer 30

Coronary heart disease and strokes

Question 31

What is the cause of hypertension?

Answer 31

Unhealthy lifestyle

Question 32

What is used to treat hypertension?

Answer 32

Statins

Question 33

What are the 3 main blood vessels?

Answer 33

- Arteries - Capillaries - Veins

Question 34

What is the circuit that blood goes?

Answer 34

The heart to the arteries to the capillaries to the veins and then back to the heart

Question 35

What are the sections in an artery?

Answer 35

- Central Lumen - Endothelum Lining - Smooth Muscle - Connective Tissue

Question 36

What are the locations in a vein?

Answer 36

- Central lumen - Endothelium lining - Smooth muscle - Connective tissue

Question 37

What are the locations in a capillary?

Answer 37

- Lumen - Endothelium - Body Cells

Question 38

What is vasodilation?

Answer 38

The widening of blood vessels

Question 39

What causes vasodilation?

Answer 39

Smooth muscle cells relaxing

Question 40

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 40

The narrowing of blood vessels

Question 41

What causes vasoconstriction?

Answer 41

Smooth muscle cells contracting

Question 42

What is blood plasma?

Answer 42

A watery yellow fluid that contains many dissolved substance

Question 43

What are the dissolved substance in blood plasma?

Answer 43

- Glucose - Amino Acids - Respiratory gases - Plasma proteins - Ions

Question 44

What is between the artery and capillary?

Answer 44

The arteriole

Question 45

What is between the capillary and the veins?

Answer 45

The venule

Question 46

What is the first step in exchange of blood materials?

Answer 46

Blood is transported from the arteries then through the arteriole and enters the narrow capillaries in the capillary bed

Question 47

What is the second step in the exchange of blood materials?

Answer 47

Pressure filtration squeezes the blood plasma through the capillary wall and into the surrounding cells losing its proteins and becomes tissue fluid

Question 48

What is the third step in the exchange of blood materials?

Answer 48

Glucose/Oxygen diffuse out of the tissue fluid and into the surrounding cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the surrounding cells into the tissue fluid

Question 49

What is the fourth step in the exchange of blood materials?

Answer 49

Most of the tissue fluid is absorbed back into the capillaries and leaves the capillary bed via the venule

Question 50

What is the fifth step in the exchange of blood materials?

Answer 50

Some of the tissue fluid does not return to the capillaries. The excess fluid is absorbed by lymph vessels

Question 51

What is the sixth step in the exchange of blood materials?

Answer 51

The tissue fluid at this point is called lymph and is taken away by the lymph vessels where it is transported around the body at the lymphatic system