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Pharmacology > Pharmacology-Respiratory > Flashcards

Pharmacology-Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Name H1 blockers

A

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine

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2
Q

Name 1st generation H1 blockers

A

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine (names containing en/ine, en/ate)

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3
Q

Name 2nd generation H2 blockers

A

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine (name usually ends in -adine)

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4
Q

1st generation H1 blockers - uses

A

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

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5
Q

2nd generation H1 blockers - uses

A

allergy

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6
Q

1st generation H1 blockers - toxicity

A

sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic

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7
Q

2nd generation H1 blockers - toxicity

A

farr less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS

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8
Q

name 1st generation H1 blocker drugs, uses, toxicity

A

diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

  • allergy, motion sickness, sleeping aid
  • sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic
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9
Q

name 2nd generation H1 blocker drugs, uses, toxicity

A

loratidine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine

  • allergy
  • far less sedating than 1st generation because of decreased entry into CNS
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10
Q

what is bronchoconstriction mediated by

A
  • inflammatory processes

- parasympathetic tone

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11
Q

what are 6 types of asthma drugs

A

B2 agonists, methylxanthines, methylxanthines, muscarinic antagonists, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, omalizumab

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12
Q

name B2 agonists

A

albuterol, salmeterol, formoterol

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13
Q

albuterol - mechanism

A

relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

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14
Q

albuterol - use

A

use during acute exacerbation

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15
Q

salmeterol, formoterol - use

A

long-acting agents for prophylaxis

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16
Q

salmeterol, formoterol - adverse effects

A

tremor and arrhythmia

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17
Q

name a methylxanthine

A

theophylline

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18
Q

theophyline - mechanism

A
  • by inhibiting phosphodiesterase thereby decreasing cAMP hydrolysis.
  • blocks action of adenosine
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19
Q

theophylline - use

A

narrow theraputic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity) so limited use

20
Q

theophylline - metabolism

A

p450

21
Q

Muscarinic antagonists - drug

A

Ipratropium

22
Q

Corticosteroids - names

A

beclomethasone, fluticasone

23
Q

Corticosteriods - mechanism

A
  • inhibit synthesis of almost all cytokines

- inactivate NF-kappaB the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-alpha among other inflam agents

24
Q

Corticosteriods - use

A

first line for chronic asthma

25
Q

Antileukotrienes - names

A

montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

26
Q

montelukast, zafirlukast - mechanism and use

A
  • block leukotriene receptors

- especially good in aspirin-induced asthma

27
Q

zileuton - mechanism

A
  • 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor

- blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

28
Q

omalizumab - mechanism

A
  • monoclonal anti-IgE antibody

- binds mostly unbound serum IgE

29
Q

Omlizumab - use

A
  • allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-standing beta2-agonists
30
Q

Expectorants - names

A
  • guaifenesin

- N-acetylcysteine

31
Q

Guaifenesin - mechanism

A

expectorant - thins respiratory secretions

32
Q

guaifenesin - effect on cough reflex

A

no effect

33
Q

n-acetylcysteine - mechanism

A

loosen mucous plug in CF patients

34
Q

N-acetylcysteine - other uses

A

antidote for acetaminophen overdose

35
Q

Bosentan - use

A

treat pulmonary arterial hypertension

36
Q

Bosentan - mechanism

A

competetively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance

37
Q

Dextromethorphan - use

A

antitussive

38
Q

Dextromethorphan - mechanism

A
  • antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors

- synthetic codeine analog so mild opioid effect and mild abuse potential

39
Q

Dextromothorphan - antidote

A
  • for OD: naloxone
40
Q

Nasal decongestants - names

A

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

41
Q

Nasal decongestants - mechanism

A

symapthomimetic alpha-agonistic nonprescription

42
Q

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine - use

A

reduce hyperemia, edema, nasal congestion, open obstructed eustachian tubes

43
Q

Pseudoephedrine – additional use

A

stimulant

44
Q

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine - toxicity

A

hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudoephedrine)

45
Q

Methacholine - mechanism and use

A

muscarinic receptor agonist

asthma challenge test

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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