Chapter 3 - Three approaches to learning Flashcards
Behaviourism
Book 1 Part 2
Page 171
The tradition that advocates that psychology should be a science of behaviour, without reference to mental states that cannot be observed.
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Classical Conditioning
Book 1 Part 2
Page 173
Learning arising from a paring of two events outside the control of the animal.
Note: Pavlov’s experiment looking at salivation, CLASSICAL CONDITIONING also known as Pavlovian conditioning. Pairing of two events for example the link between food and a bell or light.
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Operant Conditioning
Book 1 Part 2
Page 177
A variety of instrumental conditioning that traditionally has been studied in a Skinner box.
Note: Skinner box designed for rats or pigeons, and is known as OPERANT CONDITIONING as the animal ‘emits’ OPERANTS (a behaviour freely emitted by an animal which can be reinforced (e.g. lever-pressing) that have producing effects..
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Category Learning
Book 1 Part 2
Page 190
The learning that occurs when people come to understand that certain objects or entities belong together in particular categories.
Note: CATEGORY LEARNING provides a clear example of what the cognitive process involves.
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Sociocultural Perspective
Book 1 Part 2
Page 201
A perspective on learning which stresses that learning involves the use of tools and artefacts and is embedded within the context of interpersonal relationships which in turn are embedded in social and cultural systems.
Note: Culture is of central importance.
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