Chapter 8 - Memory: structures, processes and skills Flashcards
Levels of Processing (theory)
Book 1 Part 4
Page 119
The theory that the retention of material in memory is dependent on how deeply it is processed at encoding.
Note: The retention of material in LTM depends largely on how the information is encoded once it has been registered.
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Encoding Specificity Principle
Book 1 Part 4
Page 126
The ENCODING SPECIFICITY PRINCIPLE centres on the relationship between encoding and retrieval, and suggests that we remember more if the cues that are available during retrieval overlap or match with cues that were registered at encoding.
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Autobiographical Memory
Book 1 Part 4
Page 138
Autobiographical memories are episodes remembered from our individual life, including biographical information and past experiences..
Note: Can include the location and time period in which the episode took place; this is known as spatiotemporal knowledge.
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Flashbulb Memory
Book 1 Part 4
Page 140
Flashbulb memory refers to an autobiographical memory for the personal circumstances during which first learn of a very surprising and emotionally arousing event.
Note: For example: JFK’s assassination
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Collective Memories
Book 1 Part 4
Page 142
By pooling our experiences of important past events we can create shared or collective memories.
Note: 1. a memory or memories shared or recollected by a group, as a community or culture.
2. any collection of memories passed from one generation to the next.
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Episodic Memory
Book 1 Part 4
Page 149
A subsystem of long-term memory concerned with personal episodes or events which include information about the place and the time in which they were acquired.
Note: The other sub-division of LTM is SEMANTIC MEMORY which is the subsystem concerned with general facts or knowledge about the world, and lacking reference to the specific circumstantial episodes involved in their original acquisition (the act of acquiring).
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Encoding
Book 1 Part 4
Page 114
The ENCODING process is used to code information acquired through the senses from the outside world and to enter it into the memory system.
Note: ENCODING process: Putting information into memory -> STORAGE process: Retaining information in memory -> RETRIEVAL process: Getting information back out of memory.
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