Deep Back

Question 1

Iliocostalis lumborum

Answer 1

O: Iliac crest and thoracolumbar aponeurosis

I: Lower 6 ribs and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 

A: Extends lumbar region of the back 

N: Dorsal rami, lumbar nerves

Question 2

Iliocostalis thoracis

Answer 2

O: Posterior surface of lower 6 ribs

I: Posterior surface of upper 6 ribs

A: Extends thoracic region of spine 

N: Dorsal rami, lower thoracic nerves

Question 3

Iliocostalis cervicis

Answer 3

O: Posterior surface of upper 6 ribs

I: Transverse process of 4th to 6th cervical vertebrae

A: Extends cervical spine 

N: Dorsal rami, upper thoracic nerves

Question 4

Longissimus thoracis

Answer 4

O: Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and thoracolumbar fascia

I: Transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and ribs lower 9 ribs

A: Extend the thoracic spine

N: Dorsal rami, lumbar nerves, spinal

Question 5

Longissimus cervicis

Answer 5

O: Transverse process of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae

I: Transverse process of 2nd to 6th cervical vertebrae

A: Extend cervical region of spine

N: Dorsal rami, thoracic nerves

Question 6

Longissimus capitis

Answer 6

O: Transverse process of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae

I: Mastoid process

A: Extend head, rotate head to same side  

N: Dorsal rami, upper thoracic nerves

Question 7

Spinalis thoracis

Answer 7

O:Spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae

I: Spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae

A: Extend the thoracic spine

N: Dorsal ramis of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic nerves

Question 8

Semispinalis capitis

Answer 8

O: Transverse process of C7 - T6

I: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone

A: Extend head and vertebral column, rotate head to same side

N: Dorsal rami, C7 - T6

Question 9

Semispinalis cervicis

Answer 9

O: Transverse process T1 - T6

I: Spinous processes C2 - C6

A: Extends cervical spine, lateral flexion

N: Dorsal rami, T1 - T6

Question 10

Splenius capitis

Answer 10

O: Lower half of ligamentum nuchae and C7-T4 spinous processes

I: mastoid process, skull below lateral one-third of superior nuchal line

A: Unilaterally: Rotate the head and neck to the same side; Laterally flex the head and neck
Bilaterally: Extend the head and neck

N: posterior rami middle cervical nerves, C7 - T4

Question 11

Splenius cervicis

Answer 11

O: Spinous process of 3rd to 6th thoracic vertebrae

I: Transverse process of 1st to 3rd cervical vertebrae

A: Unilaterally: Rotate the head and neck to the same side; Laterally flex the head and neck
Bilaterally: Extend the head and neck

N: posterior rami lower cervical nerves T3 - T6

Question 12

Multifidus (most prominent in lumbar region)

Answer 12

O: Sacrum, and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

I: Spinous process of vertebrae, spanning two to four vertebral segments

A: Stabilizes spine during local movements, extension and contralateral trunk rotation
Unilaterally: Rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column

N: respective spinal nerves of each region

Question 13

Rotatores

Answer 13

O:Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

I: Lamina and spinous process of spine above, spanning one or two segments

A: Stabilize spine during movement
Unilaterally: Rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column

N: respective spinal nerves of each region

Question 14

Interspinalis

Answer 14

O: Superior surface of spine, each vertebrae

I: Inferior surface of spine, each vertebrae

A: Stabilization of spine, extend and rotate spine

N: Dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerve near O, spinal

Question 15

Intertransversii

Answer 15

O: Transverse process all vertebrae

I: Transverse process vertebrae above

A: Stabilization of vertebral column
Unilaterally: Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side 
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column

N: Adjacent dorsal rami, spinal