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Myology > Competency > Flashcards

Competency Flashcards

1
Q

Brachialis

A

O: Distal half of anterior aspect of the humerus (medial and lateral surfaces) and adjacent intermuscular septae

I: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

A: Flexion at elbow in all positions

N: Musculocutaneous (C5, C6)

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2
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

O: Apex of coracoid process

I: Linear roughening on medial midshaft of humerus;

A: flex and adduct at the GH joint

N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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3
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum

I: Styloid process of radius

A: Accessory flexion of elbow (humero-ulnar) joint when forearm is midpronated; assist with pronation and supination of the forearm with resistance (weak)

N: radial nerve (C5, C6, C7) before division into superficial and deep branches

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4
Q

Triceps brachii

A

O: Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial head - posterior surface of the distal half of humerus (distal to radial groove)
Lateral head - posterior surface of the proximal half of humerus (superior to radial groove)

I: Olecranon

A: All heads: extension at elbow joint. Long head: extend and adduct at the GH joint

N: radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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5
Q

Deltoid (anterior fibers)

A

O: Anterior border of the lateral 1/3 of clavicle

I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: Abduct, flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus

N: Axillary (C5, C6)

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6
Q

Deltoid (middle fibers)

A

O: Lateral margin of the acromion

I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: abduct at GH joint

N: Axillary (C5, C6)

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7
Q

Deltoid (posterior fibers)

A

O: Inferior edge of the crest of the spine of the scapula

I: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

A: Abduct, extension, horizontal abduction, and external rotation at the GH joint

N: Axillary (C5, C6)

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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

O: Spinous processes of T7-T12 and related interpinous ligaments; via the thoracolumbar fascia to the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae, related interspinous ligaments, and posterior iliac crest; last three or four ribs, inferior angle of the scapula

I: Floor of the intertubercular sulcus (or groove)

A: Adduction, medial rotation, & extension at GH joint

N: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8)

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9
Q

Teres major

A

O: Lower one third of lateral border of the scapula

I: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus on the anterior surface of the humerus; crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

A: Medial rotation, extension, & adduction at the GH joint

N: lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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10
Q

Trapezius (superior fibers)

A

O: External occipital protuberance, the medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput, medial margin of ligamentum nuchae,

I: Posterior border of lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

A: Unilaterally: Elevation and upper rotation of the scapula; ipsilateral side bending (laterally flex) and contralateral rotation of the head;
Bilaterally: extend the head and neck

N: Accessory nerve (CN XI) and branches of C3, C4

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11
Q

Trapezius (middle fibers)

A

O: Inferior aspect of ligamentum nuchae, spinous proces of 7th cervical and upper thoracic

I: Medial margin of acromion process of scapula, superior lip of posterior border of spine of
scapula

A: Retract, adduct, & stabilize scapula

N: CN XI and C3, C4

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12
Q

Trapezius (inferior fibers)

A

O: Spinous process of inferior thoracic vertebrae

I: Medial end of the spine of scapula

A: Depression & upwardly rotate the scapula

N: CN XI and C3, C4

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13
Q

Levator scapula

A

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae at the posterior tubercles

I: Posterior surface of medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine of the scapula

A: Unilaterally: Elevates scapula; ipsilateral side bending and ipsilateral rotation of the head, downwardly rotate the scapula
Bilaterally: extend the head and neck

N: Anterior rami of C3 and C4 spinal nerves and by branches (C5) from the dorsal scapular nerve

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14
Q

Pectoralis major

A

O: Clavicular head - anterior surface of medial half of clavicle;
Sternocostal head - anterior surface of the sternum; first seven costal cartilages; sternal end of the sixth rib; aponeurosis of external oblique

I: Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus; crest of greater tubercle of humerus

A: All fibers: adduct, horizontal adduct & medial rotation at the GH joint; assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation with arm
Clavicular head: flexion of the extended shoulder
Sternocostal head: extension of the flexed shoulder

N: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
Clavicular head: lateral pectoral (C5, C6)
Sternocostal head: lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C7, C8, T1)

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15
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

O: Anterior surface of the superior borders of third to fifth ribs; and from deep fascia overlying the
related intercostal spaces

I: Coracoid process of scapula (medial border and upper surface)

A: Stabilization of the scapula against thoracic wall by pulling the coracoid process anteriorly,
downward rotation of the scapula; depression of the scapula, abduction of the scapula,

N: Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) (some with fibers from the communicating branch of the lateral pectoral nerve C6, C7,C8,T1)

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16
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O: Medial two-third of the supraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia that covers the muscle

I: Most superior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus

A: Rotator cuff muscle, assists with maintaining glenohumeral head stability; abduction of shoulder at the glenohumeral joint

N: Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

17
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O: Medial two-third of the infraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia that covers the muscle

I: Middle facet on posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus

A: Rotator cuff muscle, assists with maintaining glenohumeral head stability; lateral rotation of the arm at glenohumeral joint, adduction of the shoulder at GH joint

N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

18
Q

Teres minor

A

O: Upper two-thirds of lateral border of scapula

I: Inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus

A: Rotator cuff muscle, assists with maintaining glenohumeral head stability; lateral rotation of the
arm at the glenohumeral joint, adduction of the shoulder at the GH joint

N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

19
Q

Subscapularis

A

O: Medial two-thirds of subscapular fossa

I: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

A: Rotator cuff muscle, assist with maintaining glenohumeral head stability; medial rotation of the shoulder at the glenohumeral joint

N: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6,C7)

20
Q

Serratus anterior

A

O: Lateral (i.e. external) surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces

I: Costal (i.e. anterior) surface of medial border of scapula

A: With the origin fixed: abduct/protraction of the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula, depresses the scapula, holds the medial and inferior borders of the scapula against the rib cage.
With the scapula fixed: may act to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation

N: long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

21
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

O: Posterior surfaces of ulna (distal to abductor pollicis longus), and the adjacent interosseous membrane

I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb

A: Extension of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb; can also extend carpometacarpal and
metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb; abduction of the wrist (radiocarpal joint; weak)

N: Posterior interosseous nerve (radial) (C7, C8)

22
Q

Sartorius

A

O: Anterior superior iliac spine

I: Medial surface of the tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity at pes anserinus tendon

A: Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint and flexion of the leg at the knee joint (will also assist with ER and ABD of the hip and medially rotate flexed knee)

N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

23
Q

Rectus femoris

A

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine

I: Tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patella ligament)

A: Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint and extension of the leg at the knee joint

N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

24
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: Medial part of intertrochantereic line and medial lip of the linea aspera,

I: Tibial tuberosity (via patella and patella ligament)

A: Extension of the leg at knee joint

N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

25
Q

Adductor longus

A

O: Body of the pubis inferior to the pubic crest

I: Distal aspect of the medial lip of linea aspera

A: Adduct the hip, medial rotate the hip

N: Obturator nerve (anterior division) (L2, L3, L4)

26
Q

Gracilis

A

O: Inferior ramus of pubis

I: Medial surface of proximal shaft of the tibia at the pes anserine

A: Adduction of the thigh at the hip joint and flexion of the leg at the knee joint; medial rotate the flexed knee

N: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

27
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines, just below the iliac crest

I: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter

A: Open chain, all fibers: abduction of the femur at the hip joint
Closed chain, all fibers: holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking
Anterior fibers: internal rotation and flex hip
Posterior fibers: external rotation and extend hip

N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

28
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

O: Anterior superior iliac spine iliac crest posterior to the ASIS

I: Iliotibial tract of facia lata

A: Closed chain: Stabilize the knee in extension
Open chain: Flex the hip, medial rotate the hip, abduct the hip

N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5,S1)

29
Q

Piriformis

A

O: Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina and sacrotuberous ligament

I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur

A: lateral rotation of the extended femur at the hip joint; abduction of the flexed femur at the hip joint

N: Nerve to piriformis (branches from anterior rami of (S1, S2) of the sacral plexus

30
Q

Biceps femoris

A

O: Long head – Ischial tuberosity
Short head – Distal aspect of the lateral lip of linea aspera

I: Lateral side of the head of the fibula

A: All heads: Knee flexion and some lateral rotation of the leg at the knee joint;
Long head: Extend the hip, lateral rotation of the thigh at hip joint

N: Long head: Sciatic (tibial branch): L5,S1,S2
Short head: Sciatic (peroneal branch): L5,S1,S2

31
Q

Semitendinosis

A

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Medial surface of proximal tibia at the pes anserine tendon

A: Medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, assist to medial rotate the hip, tilt the pelvic posteriorly

N: Sciatic nerve (tibial branch) (L5, S1, S2)

32
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

O: Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

I: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of 1st metatarsal

A: Dorsiflexion of foot at the ankle joint; inversion of foot; dynamic support of the medial arch of foot

N: Deep (peroneal) fibular nerve (L4, L5)

33
Q

Biceps brachii

A

O: Long head-supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Short head-apex of coracoid process of the scapula

I: Radial tuberosity and fascia of the forearm via bicipital apponeurosis

A: Flexion at the elbow joint and supinator of the forearm; accessory flexor of the GH joint

N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

33
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: Posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula, inferior to the soleal line

I: Primarily to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform; some tendinous attachment to the MT bases 2-4 and other tarsal bones
​
​A: Inversion and plantarflexion of the foot at TCJ; support medial arch of foot during walking

​N: Tibial nerve (L4, L5)

35
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: Medial head – posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle
Lateral head – upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

I: Posterior surface of calcaneous via calcaneal tendon

A: Plantarflexion at the ankle and flexion at the knee

N: Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

36
Q

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

A

O: Proximal two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula, head of fibula

I: Base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

A: Eversion of foot, weak plantarflexion; support arches of foot

N: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

37
Q

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis

A

O: Distal two-thirds of the lateral surface of shaft of fibula

I: Tuberosity at the 5th metatarsal

A: Eversion of the foot and weak plantarflexion of the ankle

N: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

38
Q

Pes anserinus

A

Anterior to posterior:

Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosis

39
Q

Gerdy’s tubercle

A

Insertion of the iliotibial band

Myology (7 decks)

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