Test 5 (3.1 - 3.4)

Question 1

Any trembling or shaking of the earth’s crust is defined as what?

Answer 1

earthquake

Question 2

Earthquakes sometimes cause monstrous waves called…

Answer 2

tsunamis

Question 3

The place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake

Answer 3

epicenter

Question 4

A break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock

Answer 4

fault

Question 5

The point underground where an earthquake begins

Answer 5

focus

Question 6

What allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth?

Answer 6

a volcano

Question 7

The strength of an earthquake is called what?

Answer 7

magnitude

Question 8

What is created when trapped gases blast through the earth’s surface?

Answer 8

a vent

Question 9

What occurs when natural acids slowly eat into a rock, breaking it apart?

Answer 9

chemical weathering

Question 10

The temperature of rocks will increase or decrease with depth?

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

Be able to identify and list characteristics of various types of volcanoes

Answer 11

shield, cinder cone, composite

Question 12

The study of earthquakes

Answer 12

seismology

Question 13

scientists who study the structure of the earth

Answer 13

geologists

Question 14

the underwater mountain ranges

Answer 14

mid-oceanic ridges

Question 15

the process by which new soil is formed as rocks crumble and break into smaller pieces

Answer 15

weathering

Question 16

the boundary between the earth’s crust and its mantle

Answer 16

Moho or Mohorovicic discontinuity

Question 17

Magma that has reached the earth’s surface

Answer 17

lava

Question 18

Smaller fragments of molten rock that solidify almost instantly

Answer 18

tephra

Question 19

Running along the edge of the Pacific Ocean - name of the many volcanoes

Answer 19

Ring of Fire

Question 20

Holes or cracks which serve as escape vents for underground gases

Answer 20

fumaroles

Question 21

A depression found at the top of a volcano

Answer 21

crater

Question 22

Be able to write a paragraph - using complete sentences - describing the three main sections of the earth

Answer 22

The crust is the outermost layer of the earth. It is quite thin compared to other layers. The mantle, the middle layer, makes up the largest portion of the earth’s interior; it is made of solid rock. The core is the innermost region of the earth. It is divided into two sections - the (liquid) outer core and the (solid) inner core, which are made up of metals rather than rock.