Test 6 (3.5-3.10)

Question 1

any trace of a plant or animal left in a rock

Answer 1

fossil

Question 2

the hardest known mineral; found in pipes

Answer 2

diamond

Question 3

a metal that is a good conductor of electricity; two of its alloys are brass and bronze

Answer 3

copper

Question 4

small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals

Answer 4

gemstones

Question 5

the most commonly used practical metal; used for thousands of years to make tools

Answer 5

iron

Question 6

any hollow space in the earth’s crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter

Answer 6

cave

Question 7

the rarest, most durable and beautiful gems

Answer 7

precious stones

Question 8

any rocks containing a metal together with impurities

Answer 8

ore

Question 9

Over 75% of the earth’s surfaces covered in what type of rock?

Answer 9

sedimentary

Question 10

The area surrounding a magnet in which the force of the magnet affects other objects

Answer 10

magnetic field

Question 11

Rock that has been changed by extreme heat or pressure into a new kind of rock is known as what type of rock?

Answer 11

metamorphic

Question 12

The ends of a magnet

Answer 12

poles

Question 13

Sand and mineral fragments that have been pressed together

Answer 13

sedimentary

Question 14

The magnetic field produced by the earth

Answer 14

magnetosphere

Question 15

When molten rock solidifies, it forms what?

Answer 15

igneous rock

Question 16

The hardest material that composes the earth’s crust

Answer 16

rock

Question 17

What type of metamorphic rock is made up of layers like the leaves of a book?

Answer 17

foliated

Question 18

What type of igneous rock is formed at the earth’s surface, cools rapidly, and has a fine-grained appearance?

Answer 18

extrusive

Question 19

Which metamorphic rock is perhaps one of the most beautiful and most widely used, and began as limestone?

Answer 19

marble

Question 20

What type of igneous rock remains in a pocket below the surface, cools slowly, and has a coarse-grained appearance?

Answer 20

intrusive

Question 21

Which metamorphic rock began as shale, is very hard, and has leaflike layers

Answer 21

slate

Question 22

What is the most common igneous rock and can be found everywhere on land?

Answer 22

granite

Question 23

Which sedimentary rock is the only stone formed by living animals?

Answer 23

reef limestone

Question 24

Which sedimentary is formed by chemical sediments and is used for salting roads and flavoring food?

Answer 24

halite

Question 25

Which sedimentary rock is used to make glass?

Answer 25

sandstone

Question 26

Be able to label cave formations

Answer 26

soda straws, stalactites, stalagmites, cave pearls, columns

Question 27

the poorest quality of coal, also known as “brown coal”

Answer 27

lignite

Question 28

a hard, shiny, black coal; expensive to mine

Answer 28

anthracite

Question 29

the most common type of coal, also known as “soft coal”

Answer 29

bituminous

Question 30

What visits a cave regularly but must return to the surface for food?

Answer 30

trogloxene

Question 31

What is designed to live either in a cave or above a cave?

Answer 31

troglophile

Question 32

Caves usually form in what?

Answer 32

limestone

Question 33

What type of cave is formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water?

Answer 33

solution caves

Question 34

Where does the earth’s magnetic field come from?

Answer 34

The earth’s magnetic field is produced by currents of electricity that circulate in the earth’s outer core. Currents that flow through an object produce a magnetic field around the object.

Question 35

How does it remain “magnetized”

Answer 35

The earth remains magnetized because of the increasing electric currents deep within its core.

Question 36

Explain how a solution cave is formed. Is this process an example of physical or chemical weathering? Why?

Answer 36

Rainwater picks up molecules of carbon dioxide as it passes through air and the soil. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water forms a mild acid. Limestone absorbs the water and is dissolved. The water drains from the area leaving a cavity in the rock. This is an example of chemical weathering because the rock was broken down by an acid.