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Neuroscience > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What are Ganglion Cells important for?

A

image and non-imaging functions

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2
Q

What are the most common Ganglion cells

A

M and P cells

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3
Q

Where do the ganglion cells signal to

A

The LGn (Lateral Geniculate Nucleus) of the thalamus

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4
Q

Where do the M ganlgion cells signal to

A

The Magno region ( the 2 thicker regions due to larger cell volumes)

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5
Q

Where do the P ganglion cells signal to

A

The Parvo region (4 layers)

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6
Q

What is to contribution of each eye to the LGN layering system

A

Right (layers 2,3 and 5), Left (1, 4 and 6)

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7
Q

After the LGN, describe the pathway of the optic radiations

A

White matter tract that projects to the primary visual cortex (V1)

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8
Q

Describe the Primary visual cortex

A

Central vision is the most posterior (regions 1-4) while the peripheral vision is located more deep

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9
Q

Describe the 3 different lesions and where they occur, and what effects this has on visual field

A

Optic Canal - Vision lost in 1 eye only
Optic Chiasm - Vision lost from 2 different temporal fields (bitemporal hemianopia)
Post-Optic Chiasm - Vision lost from same visual field of different eyes (homonymous hemianopia)

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10
Q

Describe Macular sparing

A

Is homonymous hemianopia yet macular is spared. Is an indication of vascular problem to the primary cortex yet doesn’t involve the supply to the most posterior region (central vision) and therefore spares the macula

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11
Q

Describe the non-visual functions of Ganglion cells

A

Circadian Rhythm, Pupil response and Photophobia

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12
Q

Describe the projections of non-visual ganglion cells

A

Circadian Rhythm (Suprachiasmatic nuclei of hypothalamus), Pupil response (pretectal nucleus of midbrain) and Photophobia (posterior thalamic nuclei of thalamus)

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13
Q

Describe non-visual ganglion cells

A

Activated by light due to the presence of melanopsin - a rhodopsin family member aka ipGCs

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14
Q

Describe the pupil response

A

ipGCs are activated by light and project to the pretectal nucleus. This will then synapse in an ippsilateral and controlateral manner to the Edinger-Westfal nucleus of CNIII PNS devision. Will then project to the Cillary ganglion where they will synapse a final time before projecting to the sphincter pupillae for iris constriction.

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15
Q

What do M ganglion cells encode for?

A

Motion

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16
Q

What do P ganglion cells encode for

A

Visual acuity and colour

17
Q

Which regions of the Visual cortex do M ganglion cells project to?

A

Layer IV Ca

18
Q

Which regions of the Visual cortex do P ganglion cells project to?

A

Layer IV Cb

19
Q

What is Layer IV B involved in?

A

Motion

20
Q

What are the two visual pathways

A

Ventral and Dorsal

21
Q

What are each of the visal pathways important for?

A

Ventral - What (colour, perception and visual memory)

Dorsal - Where (Motion and response to movement)

22
Q

Describe the different regions of the Dorsal Pathway and their function

A

Area MT - processing objects that are moving, neurons have large visual fields and are directionally selective
MST - navigation, directing eye movement and motion perception

23
Q

Describe the different regions of the Ventral Pathway and their function

A

V4 - colour perception

Area IT - Visual perception and Visual Memory

24
Q

Characteristic of Colour in relation to vision

A

Colour is not all about detection, instead it is about comparison

25
Q

What is a lesion in V4 going to result in?

A

achromatopsia (loss of colour)

26
Q

What are the wavelengths of stimulation for the cones

A

Blue is 430, green is 530 and red is 560

27
Q

What are ‘buddy’ colours

A

red/green and Blue/yellow

28
Q

Describe ON ganglion cells

A

Will fire Action potentials in response to light

29
Q

Describe OFF ganglion cells

A

Will fire Action potentials in response to dark

30
Q

How do colour P ganglion cells differ from rod ganglion cells

A

Light = colour and Dark=buddy colour

31
Q

What is Anomalous Trichromy

A

Colour Blindness where 3 cones are present yet 1 is abnormal

32
Q

Names for different cones

A 
Protan = red
Deutan = green
Tritan = Blue

Neuroscience (28 decks)

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