W1 Flashcards
what is a disease
an abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism
what is pathogenesis
mechanism of a disease
what are the different levels of examination
– Macroscopic
– Microscopic
– Ultrastructural
– Functional – Genetic
what are acquired causes of pathology
– Infectious agents – Trauma – Vasculature events – Immune reactions – Metabolic disorders – Nutrition and the envirnoment – Idiopathic
what are types of pathogenesis
– Inflammation and pus formation
– Necrosis (cellular +/- tissue death)
– Neoplasia (malignant change – cancer) – etc
what are symptoms
things the patient feels.
– A departure from normal function or feeling
– Noticed by the patient
– E.g. Temperature (ever), lump, rash, weight loss
what are signs
physical findings.
– Objective evidence of disease
– Noticed by patient or doctor on clinical examination – E.g. heart rate, enlarged organs
what is anatomical pathology
Tissue diagnosis. Biopsy (piece of tissue) of
disease:
– Surgically removed – Skin biopsy
what is cytology
Assessment of liquid samples or smears of cells
what is chemical pathology
Detecting changes in a wide range of substances in blood and body fluids in association with diseases:
– Electrolytes, enzymes and proteins
– Hormones, vitamins and minerals
– Tumour (cancer) markers
– Poisons and both therapeutic and illicit drugs
what is haematology
Disorders of the blood and bone marrow.
Diagnosis of
– Reactive conditions – Inherited diseases
– Malignant diseases – Secondary disorders
what is microbiology
Diagnosis and treatment of infections
what is immunology
Diseases of the immune system and allergy
what is genetic pathology
Genetic basis of inherited & acquired diseases
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: BC
Egyptians and Greeks
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: 1st century AD
Galen
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: 500-575
Byzantine and arabs
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: 15th century
benivieni
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: 16th century
william harvey
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: 17th century
morgagni
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: 18th century
john hunter
who was responsible for milestones in the following time period: mid 19th century
microscope, stains