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Wilkins > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of calibration?

A

Agreement with a set of standard of performance; determination of accuracy and consistency between examiners to standardize procedures and gain reliability of recorded findings. Examiners who collect dental index data for epidemiological research or community health assessment are trained to measure the index in exactly the same way each time.

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2
Q

What is the definition of community oral health assessment?

A

A multifaceted process of identifying factors that affect the oral health status of a selected population.

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3
Q

What is the definition of data?

A

Pieces of information collected using measurements and/or counts

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4
Q

What is the definition of data collection?

A

Process of gathering information (through the use of tools such as dental indices).

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5
Q

What is the definition of epidemiology?

A

The study of the relationships of various factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases in the human community; study of health and disease in populations.

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6
Q

What is the definition of incidence?

A

The rate at which a certain event occurs, as the number of new cases of a specific disease occurring during a certain period of time

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7
Q

What is the definition of index?

A

A graduated, numeric scale with upper and lower limits; scores on the scale correspond to a specific criterion for individuals or populations

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8
Q

What is the definition of dental index?

A

Describes oral status by expressing clinical observations as numeric values

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9
Q

What is definition of indicator?

A

A factor that typically characterizes a disease or health condition; a factor measured and analyzed to describe health status .Dental indices described in this chapter measure oral health indicators

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10
Q

What is the definition of pilot study?

A

Trial run of a planned study using a small sample to pretest an instrument, survey, or questionnaire.

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11
Q

What is the definition of placebo?

A

Inactive substance or preparation with no intrinsic therapeutic value given to satisfy a patient’s symbolic need for drug therapy; used in controlled research studies in a form identical in appearance to the material being tested.

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12
Q

What is the definition of prevalence?

A

The total number of cases of a specific disease or condition in existence in a given population at a certain time.

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13
Q

What is the definition of Ramfjord Index Teeth?

A

Teeth used for epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases; the maxillary right and mandibular left molars, maxillary left and mandibular right first premolars, and maxillary left and mandibular right central incisors.

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14
Q

What is the definition of reliability?

A

Ability of an index or test procedure to measure consistently at different times and under a variety of conditions, reproducibility, consistency.

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15
Q

What is the definition of sample?

A

Portion or subset of an entire population.

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16
Q

What is the definition of screening?

A

Assessment of many individuals to disclose certain characteristics or diseases in a population.

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17
Q

What is the definition of individual screening?

A

Brief assessment for initial evaluation and classification of need for additional examination and treatment of planning

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18
Q

What is the definition of status?

A

Refers to the state or condition of an individual or population.

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19
Q

What is the definition of surveillance?

A

The ongoing systemic collection, analysis, and interpretation of outcome-specific data for use in planning, implementing, and evaluating the effect of public earth programs and practices.

20
Q

What is the definition of validity?

A

Ability of an index or test procedure to measure what it is intended to measure.

21
Q

What are the scoring methods?

A

Indices and scoring methods used in clinical practice to determine and record oral health status of individuals and groups
Familiarity with the different types is used to distinguish different criteria needed for individual OH assessment and group oral health survey

22
Q

What are individual assessments for?

A

To help a patient recognize an oral problem and reveal the degree of effectiveness of present OH practices; motivate during prevention, elimination and control of oral disease

23
Q

What is the purpose of clinical trial?

A

To determine the effect of an agent or procedure on the prevention, progression, or control of a disease (experimental and control groups are used)

24
Q

What are the uses of clinical trial?

A

Determine baseline data before experimental factors are introduced
Measure effectiveness of specific agents
Measure effectiveness of mechanical devices for OH care

Ex: toothbrushes, irrigators

25
Q

What does epidemiology mean?

A

Study of disease characteristics of a population

26
Q

What is the DMFT index that has been used to determine the extent of dental carries in populations around the world?

A

Decay, missing, and filled teeth

27
Q

What are the uses of DMFT?

A

Provide data to support recommendations for public health interventions to improve OH status

28
Q

What is community surveillance?

A

Government agencies, local community based service providing agencies and professional associations that collect data to determine OH status by conducting OH screenings

29
Q

What are the uses of community surveillance?

A

Assess the needs of community, provide information, and compare effects or evaluate results of community based programs

30
Q

What is an index?

A

Expression of clinical observations in numeric values to describe the status of an individual and group to describe the condition being measured

31
Q

What is simple index?

A

Measures the presence or absence of a condition

32
Q

What is cumulative index?

A

Measures all evidence of a condition, past and present

33
Q

What is plaque index?

A

Assess the thickness of biofilm at the gingival area

34
Q

What is the purpose of the plaque index?

A

Assess the thickness of biofilm at the gingival area.

35
Q

What is the purpose of the plaque control record?

A

Record the presence of dental biofilm on individual tooth surfaces to permit the patient to visualize progress while learning biofilm control

36
Q

What is the purpose of the plaque free score?

A

To determine the location, number, and percentage of biofilm-free surfaces for individual motivation and instruction. Interdental bleeding can also be documented. Apply disclosing agent or give chewable tablet.

37
Q

What is the purpose of patient hygiene performance?

A

To assess the extent of biofilm and debris over a tooth surface

38
Q

What is the purpose of simplified oral hygiene index?

A

To assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surfaces covered with debris and/or calculus

39
Q

What is the purpose of sulcus bleeding index?

A

To locate areas of gingival sulcus bleeding and color changes in order to recognize and record the presence of early (initial) inflammatory gingival disease.

40
Q

What is the purpose of eastman interdental bleeding index?

A

To assess the presence of inflammation in the interdental area as indicated by the presence of absence of bleeding.

41
Q

What is the purpose of early childhood caries?

A

To provide case definitions that determine caries status of children 5 years of age or younger.

42
Q

What is the purpose of root caries index?

A

To determine total root caries experience for individuals and provide a direct, simple method for recording and making comparisons.

43
Q

What is the purpose of dean’s fluorosis index?

A

To measure the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis (originally developed in the 1930s and refined in 1942 to relate the severity of hypomineralization of dental enamel to concentration of fluoride in the water supply.

44
Q

What is the purpose of tooth surface index of fluorosis?

A

To measure the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis

More sensitive than Dean’s index in identifying the mildest signs of fluorosis.

45
Q

What is the purpose of association of state and territorial dental directors basic screening surge?

A

Provide oral screening for adult, school age, and/or preschool populations.

Wilkins (15 decks)

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