26

Question 1

4 things to influence hemoglobins affinity to 02

Answer 1

Temperature
pH (Bohr effect)
PCO2
2,3-bisphosphoglyerate (2,3-BPG)

Question 2

affinity

Answer 2

charge and shape compatability of two molecules

Question 3

Bohr effect

Question 4

Temp

Answer 4

Increasing temperature decreases hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen but reducing temperature increases it.
Globins tertiary structure are sensitive to temperature and can be altered to increase or decrease O2 affinity

fear

Question 5

pH

Answer 5

A consequence of O2 binding to Hb is the release of protons (H+) to yield this equation:

Hb + O2 = Hb * O2 +H

Law of Mass Action.

Answer 6

H2CO3 Carbonic acid goes to Co2 and releases a H+

Question 7

if low protons are coming from the reactions , low co2 low ph, low affinity

if produces a lot of co2, more acidic releasing o2, high ph high affinity

Question 8

oxygen gets bumped off in high co2 conditions

Answer 8

Euthanasia is preformed this way

Question 9

glycolysis

Answer 9

it had 1,3

Question 10

2,3- BPG

Answer 10

High oxyhemaglobin inhibits 2,3-BPG production
Low oxyhemaglobin induces 2,3-BPG production and lowers the affinity of Hb to oxygen
Promotes O2 unloading

Question 11

Low 2,3 BPG

Answer 11

High oxygen demand in that location. So, lots of glycolysis is happening

Question 12

CO binds to hemoglobin with approximately 230 times more affinity

Answer 12

yes, carbon monoxide poisoning is fast and real

Question 13

Hyperbaric oxygen chamber is best treatment. For carbon monoxide poisoning Why?

Question 14

15 g hemaglobinn

Question 15

Three Forms of Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Answer 15

Dissolved in the blood (5%)
As bicarbonate (87%)
As carbaminohemoglobin (8%)

As Co2 is removed from the body moves from high pressure to low presure, the bicarbonate increases. The body needs to keep this process going

Question 16

Important Players in the Control of Breathing:

Answer 16

Medulla Oblongata and Pons
Chemoreceptors
Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Pulmonary Receptors

Question 17

high co2 lots of biocarbonate reactions high protons

Question 18

Chemoreceptors

Answer 18

Peripheral Chemoreceptors are rapid-acting
Central chemoreceptors are activated more slowly, but have a more prolonged effect, are the most important in regulating long-term breathing rate.

Question 19

Pulmonary Receptors:

Answer 19

1. Irritant receptors that detect irritants, smoke, etc. will stimulate coughing
2. Pulmonary stretch receptors
   Stimulate Hering-Breuer reflex
   Prevent over-stretching of the lungs during stress or exercise
   Activated by stretch, inhibit respiratory control centers, making further inspiration difficult.