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IB Biology > 2.6-2.7 > Flashcards

2.6-2.7 Flashcards

1
Q

Adenine

A

an organic base found in DNA and RNA in which it pairs with thymine (or uracil).

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2
Q

Complementary base pairs

A

the standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing, such as cytosine paired with guanine and adenine with thymine (or uracil in RNA).

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3
Q

Cytosine

A

an organic base found in DNA and RNA in which it pairs with guanine.

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4
Q

DNA polymerase

A

an enzyme that catalyses the elongation of new DNA during replication.

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5
Q

DNA

A

a nucleic acid consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA.

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6
Q

Guanine

A

an organic base found in DNA and RNA in which it pairs with cytosine.

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7
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

a chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom of another molecule.

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8
Q

Nucleic acids biological

A

molecules, such as DNA or RNA, composed of nucleotides that control cellular functions and heredity.

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9
Q

Nucleotides

A

the building blocks of nucleic acids consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

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10
Q

Polymer

A

a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar monomers linked together.

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11
Q

RNA

A

a nucleic acid consisting of a long single-stranded chain of nucleotides involved in protein synthesis.

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12
Q

RNA polymerase

A

an enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA during transcription.

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13
Q

Thymine

A

an organic base found in DNA, but not in RNA, that pairs with adenine.

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14
Q

Uracil

A

a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA, but not in DNA, that pairs with adenine.

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15
Q

Amino acid

A

building block of proteins consisting of a basic amino group (NH2), an acidic carboxylic group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (-H), and an organic side group (R) attached to the carbon atom.

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16
Q

Anticodon

A

three consecutive bases on tRNA that are complementary to a codon on mRNA.

17
Q

Codon

A

each sequence of three bases standing for one of the 20 possible amino acids.

18
Q

Complementary base pairing

A

is the standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing, such as cytosine paired with guanine and adenine with thymine (or uracil in RNA).

19
Q

Degenerate code

A

there are more codons (64) than there are amino acids to be coded, so most amino acids are coded by more than one code.

20
Q

DNA polymerase

A

an enzyme that catalyses the elongation of new DNA during replication.

21
Q

Genetic code

A

the order of bases in DNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

22
Q

Helicase

A

an enzyme involved in DNA replication, responsible for unwinding the double helix.

23
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

a chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom of another molecule.

24
Q

Insulin

A

a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by synthesizing glycogen.

25
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

a type of RNA that attaches to ribosomes and specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

26
Q

Nucleotides

A

the building blocks of nucleic acids consisting of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

27
Q

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A

a technique for amplifying DNA in vitro.

28
Q

Polypeptides

A

a polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

29
Q

Polysomes

A

several ribosomes that are attached to the same mRNA at one time.

30
Q

Replication of DNA

A

making a copy of a DNA molecule.

31
Q

Ribosomes

A

cell organelle that functions as the site of protein synthesis.

32
Q

RNA polymerase

A

an enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA during transcription.

33
Q

Semi-conservative replication

A

in the process of DNA synthesis each original strands of the molecule acts as a template on which a new complementary strand is created.

34
Q

Taq DNA polymerase

A

a heat resistant enzyme found in the bacillus Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs, that can endure the high temperatures of the polymerase chain reaction.

35
Q

Transcription

A

when the DNA sequence of bases is converted into mRNA.

36
Q

Translation

A

when the sequence of bases on mRNA is decoded into an amino acid sequence (proteins).

37
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

an RNA molecule that brings specific amino acids that match the codons in the mRNA.

IB Biology (2 decks)

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