26 KMT, Gas Laws and Gas Law Formulas

Question 1

matter with no definite shape or volume

Answer 1

gases

Question 2

far from each other without specific volume/shape

Answer 2

gases

Question 3

explains states of matter, based on idea that matter is composed of tiny particles in motion

Answer 3

kinetic molecular theory

Question 4

postulates of KMT

Answer 4

1. gases are composed of molecules
2. gas particles are in constant motion in random directions, moving in straight lines until they collide
3. collisions between gas particles and between particles and container walls are elastic collision
4. particles of ideal gas have no attractive forces
5. average KE of gas particles depends on temperature

Question 5

collision between particles and container walls; no overall loss of kinetic energy

Answer 5

elastic collision

Question 6

force that gas exerts on a given area of container in which it is contained

Answer 6

pressure

Question 7

units for pressure

Answer 7

kPa, atm, mmHg, torr, psi

Question 8

3-dimensional space inside container holding gas

Answer 8

volume

Question 9

measurement of heat/how fast particles are moving

Answer 9

temperature

Question 10

amount of substance in container is measured using SI unit

Answer 10

mole

Question 11

studied relationship between P and V in mid-1600s

Answer 11

robert boyle

Question 12

formula for boyle’s law

Answer 12

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 13

variables and constants in boyle’s law

Answer 13

↑P ↓V; constant T

Question 14

studied relationship of V and T; ~19th century

Answer 14

jacques charles

Question 15

formula for charles’ law

Answer 15

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Question 16

variables and constants in charles’ law

Answer 16

↑V ↑T; constant P

Question 17

real life applications of boyle’s law

Answer 17

• respiration
• tires
• soda bottles
• spray cans
• scuba diving
• space suits

Question 18

real life applications of charles’ law

Answer 18

• hot air balloon
• pool float
• spray cans
• baking
• restoring dented pingpong ball

Question 19

variables and constants of gay-lussac’s law

Answer 19

↑P ↑T; constant n and V

Question 20

real life applications of gay-lussac’s law

Answer 20

• pressure cooker
• spray cans
• tires
• guns
• kettles

Question 21

ratio between presure-volume product and absolute temp. of gas is constant

Answer 21

combined gas law

Question 22

pressure of certain fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to abs. temp. at const. vol.

Answer 22

gay-lussac’s law

Question 23

real life applications of combined gas law

Answer 23

• respiration
• tires
• spray cans
• scuba diving

Question 24

gas at constant temp and pressure; volume is directly proportional to number of mol. of g

Answer 24

avogadro’s law

Question 25

for same amount of gas at const. temp, inverse relationship

Answer 25

boyle's law

Question 26

direct relationship, with constant amt. of gas as volume increases, temperature increases, and vice versa

Answer 26

charles' law

Question 27

formula for combined gas law

Answer 27

P1V1T2 = P2V21

Question 28

formula for gay-lussac's law

Answer 28

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Question 29

formula for avogadro's law

Answer 29

V1/n1 = V2/n2

Question 30

variables and constants in avogadro's law

Answer 30

↑V ↑n; constant T & P

Question 31

variables and constants in gay-lussac's law

Answer 31

↑T ↑P; constant n & V

Question 32

imaginary gas; conforms to all assumptions of KMT

Answer 32

ideal gas

Question 33

formula for ideal gas

Answer 33

PV = nRT

Question 34

STP

Answer 34

- 0 celsius - 32 fahrenheit - 273 K - 1 atm - 760 torr/mmHg - 101.3 kPa

Question 35

obey all gas laws under all conditions of T & P

Answer 35

ideal gases

Question 36

vol. occupied by molecules is negligible as compared to total vol. occupied by gas

Answer 36

ideal gases

Question 37

forces of attraction are negligible

Answer 37

ideal gases

Question 38

obeys PV=nRT

Answer 38

ideal gases

Question 39

obey gas laws only at low pressures and high temps

Answer 39

real gases

Question 40

volume occupied by molecules is not negligible compared to total vol. of gas

Answer 40

real gases

Question 41

force of attraction are not negligible at all temps and pressures

Answer 41

real gases

Question 42

obeys van der Waals equation

Answer 42

real gases

Question 43

movement of gas molecules from high to low concentration

Answer 43

diffusion

Question 44

ability of two gases to mix spontaneously to become uniform

Answer 44

diffusion

Question 45

diffusion of gas through small hole

Answer 45

effusion

Question 46

who discovered that rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass

Answer 46

thomas graham

Question 47

formula for graham's law of effusion

Answer 47

sqrt(M2/M1)

Question 48

considered mixture of gases before KMT

Answer 48

john dalton

Question 49

formula for dalton's law of partial pressure

Answer 49

Ptotal = Pa + Pb + Pc + ... Pn