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Clinical Chemisrty > Week 7: Urinalysis > Flashcards

Week 7: Urinalysis Flashcards

0
Q

What is the function of the ureters

A

Transport urine from renal pelvis to the bladder

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1
Q

What animals do not have the typical kidney shape and what do they look like?

A

Horses are heart shaped

Cows are lobular (lumpy)

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2
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder

A

Store urine till ready for release

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3
Q

What is the function of the urethra.

A

Carry urine from bladder to outside the body

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4
Q

What controls the volume of urine produced

A

Hormones

  • ADH (pituitary gland)
  • Aldosterone (adrenal cortex)
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5
Q

What is oliguria

A

Scant urine

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6
Q

What is polyuria

A

A lot of urine produced

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7
Q

What is anuria

A

No urine produced

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8
Q

What is isosthenuria

What would be a concern

A

Urine SG approaches that of filtrate in the glomerulus

Chronic renal disease

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9
Q

What is protienuria

What would be a concern

A

Excessive protein in urine

Acute or chronic renal disease

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10
Q

Handling samples:

Collection
-
-
-
-

-

A 
Collection
- near time of blood chemistry
- select an appropriate method
- collect b4 admin of therapeutic agents
- best sample first thing in the morning
Examination
- within 30 mins of collection
- Maximum cold storage: 6-24 hrs
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11
Q

What are some methods of collection

A

Voided or free catch
Urinary catheterization
Cystocentesis
Collection from the surface

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12
Q

Stimulation of urine

Dogs
Cats
Cattle
Sheep
Horses
A

Dogs: scent of other dogs urine
Cats: no absorbent granules in litter
Cattle: rub straw/hand ventral to vilva on a circular motion
Horses: warm cloth rubbed on ventral abdomen or clean the stall

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13
Q

If you do not analyze it one within ____ to ____ what will happen. (In order)

A

30 mins to 1hr

Decrease glucose and bilirubin
Increase pH
Breakdown of cellular components
Bacterial growth

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14
Q

If necessary- refrigerate urine up to ___ to ___, less than ____ is best.

What can happen to sample of refrigerated too long

A

6 to 24hrs, less than 12hrs

May affect SG
Crystal formation

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15
Q

Sending to a reference laboratory.

Preserve in:

What test should be ran before sending

A

1gt of 40% formalin/ 1oz urine

Glucose test

16
Q

Gross examination of urine

A 
Volume
Color
Odor
Turbidity/transparency 
Specific gravity
17
Q

What is pollakiuria

A

Abnormal frequent urination

18
Q

What occurs with polyuria

A 
Nephritis
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Pyometra
Liver disease
With certain meds
19
Q

What may occur with oliguria

A 
Restricted access to water
Environmental temp increase
Acute nephritis
Fever
Shock
Heart disease
Dehydration
20
Q

What occurs with anuria

A

Urethral obstruction

Renal shutdown

21
Q

What do these colors of urine indicate

1 Light yellow to amber
2 Dark yellow
3 Lighter color
4 Yellow-brown or green
5 Red or brownish
A 
1 normall urochromes ( pee color)
2 more concentrated
3 less concentrated
4 bile pigments
5 RBCs or hemoglobin
22
Q

What does an ammonia order indicate

What does a sweet odor indicate

A

Cystitis

Ketones

23
Q

What are some equipment used to measure SG

A

Refractometer
Urinometer
Reagent strips

24
Q

What are the two methods for using chemical reagent strips

A

Dip

Pipette

25
Q

What factors can affect urine pH

A

Diet
Excitement/stress
Fever
UTI

26
Q

What can give false positive when testing glucose

A

Fasting
Fear, excitement, restraint
Drugs

27
Q

How do we measure ketones

A

Reagent test strips

28
Q

What is the preferred test for bilirubinuria

A

Reagent tablets

29
Q

With sever muscle damage causes myoglobin to leak into blood and be excreted in urine and color is usually dark brown to black. What is this condition?

A

Myoglobinuria

30
Q

Leukocytes must be confirmed through ….

A

Microscopic examination

31
Q

Sediment on urine can normally include

A 
Epithelial cells
Mucus threads
RBCs
WBCs
Hyaline casts
Crystals
32
Q

What are abnormal microscopic findings

A 
More than a few:
RBCs
WBCs
Casts
Crystals
Parasites
Bacteria
Yeast

Clinical Chemisrty (11 decks)

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