Kinetics- Absorption and distribution

Question 1

Oral

Answer 1

GI route- Swallowing- easiest for patient, most complicated for absorption. pH of stomach may inactivate capsules, tabs, syrups, suspensions, powders, etc.

Question 2

Sublingual

Answer 2

GI route- under tongue through capillaries. Quick to systemic circulation.

Question 3

Buccal

Answer 3

GI route- in cheek- Treating local inflammation in throat and mouth. May need to refrain from drinking to ensure reaches full potential

Question 4

Rectal

Answer 4

GI- In anus, good for pt with N/V. Suppositories and enemas

Question 5

Intradermal

Answer 5

Parenteral route- Med stays in dermis- allergy testing and TB

Question 6

Intramuscular

Answer 6

Parenteral- quick absorption in blood stream. 10-15 until active

Question 7

Subcutaneous

Answer 7

Parenteral- Into fat- slow release

Question 8

Intravenous

Answer 8

Parentreral- fastest way into blood stream. Immediate absorption and availability. IV Push, drip or infusion

Question 9

Inhalation

Answer 9

Breathing in- rapid absrbtion, good for resp system meds

Question 10

Transdermal

Answer 10

Skin absorption- patches rely on delayed release through skin

Question 11

Intrathecal

Answer 11

Injection into spinal cord- arachnoid space- analgesics and chemotheraputics

Question 12

Delayed release

Answer 12

Not taken as often- maintain therapeutic range longer. Good for short 1/2 lives

Question 13

Enteric coating

Answer 13

Formulated to withstand pH of stomach. Drugs inactivated by acidic pH of stomach can be absorbed by sm intestine.

Question 14

Parental route

Answer 14

Not subject to first pass metabolism, not affected by GI tract. High bioavailability.

Question 15

Implanted pumps

Answer 15

Insulin for DM patients- subcutaneous route. Bypasses GI route.

Question 16

Depot

Answer 16

Intramuscular injection- allows slow release over sustained period of time

Question 17

Patient controlled administration

Answer 17

Narcotics and other pain relievers. Oral, Infusion pump, patches. Patients control how often taken based on pain.

Question 18

Loading dose

Answer 18

Initial high dose of drug to get to steady state. Followed by maintenance dose. Best for slow eliminating drugs.